Actual source code: glle.c

  1: #include <../src/ts/impls/implicit/glle/glle.h>
  2: #include <petscdm.h>
  3: #include <petscblaslapack.h>

  5: static const char       *TSGLLEErrorDirections[] = {"FORWARD", "BACKWARD", "TSGLLEErrorDirection", "TSGLLEERROR_", NULL};
  6: static PetscFunctionList TSGLLEList;
  7: static PetscFunctionList TSGLLEAcceptList;
  8: static PetscBool         TSGLLEPackageInitialized;
  9: static PetscBool         TSGLLERegisterAllCalled;

 11: /* This function is pure */
 12: static PetscScalar Factorial(PetscInt n)
 13: {
 14:   PetscInt i;
 15:   if (n < 12) { /* Can compute with 32-bit integers */
 16:     PetscInt f = 1;
 17:     for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) f *= i;
 18:     return (PetscScalar)f;
 19:   } else {
 20:     PetscScalar f = 1.;
 21:     for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) f *= (PetscScalar)i;
 22:     return f;
 23:   }
 24: }

 26: /* This function is pure */
 27: static PetscScalar CPowF(PetscScalar c, PetscInt p)
 28: {
 29:   return PetscPowRealInt(PetscRealPart(c), p) / Factorial(p);
 30: }

 32: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEGetVecs(TS ts, DM dm, Vec *Z, Vec *Ydotstage)
 33: {
 34:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;

 36:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 37:   if (Z) {
 38:     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) PetscCall(DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm, "TSGLLE_Z", Z));
 39:     else *Z = gl->Z;
 40:   }
 41:   if (Ydotstage) {
 42:     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) PetscCall(DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm, "TSGLLE_Ydot", Ydotstage));
 43:     else *Ydotstage = gl->Ydot[gl->stage];
 44:   }
 45:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 46: }

 48: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLERestoreVecs(TS ts, DM dm, Vec *Z, Vec *Ydotstage)
 49: {
 50:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 51:   if (Z) {
 52:     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) PetscCall(DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm, "TSGLLE_Z", Z));
 53:   }
 54:   if (Ydotstage) {
 55:     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) PetscCall(DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm, "TSGLLE_Ydot", Ydotstage));
 56:   }
 57:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 58: }

 60: static PetscErrorCode DMCoarsenHook_TSGLLE(DM fine, DM coarse, PetscCtx ctx)
 61: {
 62:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 63:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 64: }

 66: static PetscErrorCode DMRestrictHook_TSGLLE(DM fine, Mat restrct, Vec rscale, Mat inject, DM coarse, PetscCtx ctx)
 67: {
 68:   TS  ts = (TS)ctx;
 69:   Vec Ydot, Ydot_c;

 71:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 72:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, fine, NULL, &Ydot));
 73:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, coarse, NULL, &Ydot_c));
 74:   PetscCall(MatRestrict(restrct, Ydot, Ydot_c));
 75:   PetscCall(VecPointwiseMult(Ydot_c, rscale, Ydot_c));
 76:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, fine, NULL, &Ydot));
 77:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, coarse, NULL, &Ydot_c));
 78:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 79: }

 81: static PetscErrorCode DMSubDomainHook_TSGLLE(DM dm, DM subdm, PetscCtx ctx)
 82: {
 83:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 84:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 85: }

 87: static PetscErrorCode DMSubDomainRestrictHook_TSGLLE(DM dm, VecScatter gscat, VecScatter lscat, DM subdm, PetscCtx ctx)
 88: {
 89:   TS  ts = (TS)ctx;
 90:   Vec Ydot, Ydot_s;

 92:   PetscFunctionBegin;
 93:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, dm, NULL, &Ydot));
 94:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, subdm, NULL, &Ydot_s));

 96:   PetscCall(VecScatterBegin(gscat, Ydot, Ydot_s, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));
 97:   PetscCall(VecScatterEnd(gscat, Ydot, Ydot_s, INSERT_VALUES, SCATTER_FORWARD));

 99:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, dm, NULL, &Ydot));
100:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, subdm, NULL, &Ydot_s));
101:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
102: }

104: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLESchemeCreate(PetscInt p, PetscInt q, PetscInt r, PetscInt s, const PetscScalar *c, const PetscScalar *a, const PetscScalar *b, const PetscScalar *u, const PetscScalar *v, TSGLLEScheme *inscheme)
105: {
106:   TSGLLEScheme scheme;
107:   PetscInt     j;

109:   PetscFunctionBegin;
110:   PetscCheck(p >= 1, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "Scheme order must be positive");
111:   PetscCheck(r >= 1, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "At least one item must be carried between steps");
112:   PetscCheck(s >= 1, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "At least one stage is required");
113:   PetscAssertPointer(inscheme, 10);
114:   *inscheme = NULL;
115:   PetscCall(PetscNew(&scheme));
116:   scheme->p = p;
117:   scheme->q = q;
118:   scheme->r = r;
119:   scheme->s = s;

121:   PetscCall(PetscMalloc5(s, &scheme->c, s * s, &scheme->a, r * s, &scheme->b, r * s, &scheme->u, r * r, &scheme->v));
122:   PetscCall(PetscArraycpy(scheme->c, c, s));
123:   for (j = 0; j < s * s; j++) scheme->a[j] = (PetscAbsScalar(a[j]) < 1e-12) ? 0 : a[j];
124:   for (j = 0; j < r * s; j++) scheme->b[j] = (PetscAbsScalar(b[j]) < 1e-12) ? 0 : b[j];
125:   for (j = 0; j < s * r; j++) scheme->u[j] = (PetscAbsScalar(u[j]) < 1e-12) ? 0 : u[j];
126:   for (j = 0; j < r * r; j++) scheme->v[j] = (PetscAbsScalar(v[j]) < 1e-12) ? 0 : v[j];

128:   PetscCall(PetscMalloc6(r, &scheme->alpha, r, &scheme->beta, r, &scheme->gamma, 3 * s, &scheme->phi, 3 * r, &scheme->psi, r, &scheme->stage_error));
129:   {
130:     PetscInt     i, j, k, ss = s + 2;
131:     PetscBLASInt m, n, one = 1, *ipiv, lwork, ldb;
132:     PetscReal    rcond, *sing, *workreal;
133:     PetscScalar *ImV, *H, *bmat, *workscalar, *c = scheme->c, *a = scheme->a, *b = scheme->b, *u = scheme->u, *v = scheme->v;
134:     PetscBLASInt rank, info;

136:     PetscCall(PetscBLASIntCast(4 * ((s + 3) * 3 + 3), &lwork));
137:     PetscCall(PetscMalloc7(PetscSqr(r), &ImV, 3 * s, &H, 3 * ss, &bmat, lwork, &workscalar, 5 * (3 + r), &workreal, r + s, &sing, r + s, &ipiv));

139:     /* column-major input */
140:     for (i = 0; i < r - 1; i++) {
141:       for (j = 0; j < r - 1; j++) ImV[i + j * r] = 1.0 * (i == j) - v[(i + 1) * r + j + 1];
142:     }
143:     /* Build right-hand side for alpha (tp - glm.B(2:end,:)*(glm.c.^(p)./factorial(p))) */
144:     for (i = 1; i < r; i++) {
145:       scheme->alpha[i] = 1. / Factorial(p + 1 - i);
146:       for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->alpha[i] -= b[i * s + j] * CPowF(c[j], p);
147:     }
148:     PetscCall(PetscBLASIntCast(r - 1, &m));
149:     PetscCall(PetscBLASIntCast(r, &n));
150:     PetscCallBLAS("LAPACKgesv", LAPACKgesv_(&m, &one, ImV, &n, ipiv, scheme->alpha + 1, &n, &info));
151:     PetscCheck(info >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Error in LAPACK argument %" PetscBLASInt_FMT, -info);
152:     PetscCheck(info <= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_MAT_LU_ZRPVT, "Bad factorization: zero pivot in row %" PetscBLASInt_FMT, info - 1);

154:     /* Build right-hand side for beta (tp1 - glm.B(2:end,:)*(glm.c.^(p+1)./factorial(p+1)) - e.alpha) */
155:     for (i = 1; i < r; i++) {
156:       scheme->beta[i] = 1. / Factorial(p + 2 - i) - scheme->alpha[i];
157:       for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->beta[i] -= b[i * s + j] * CPowF(c[j], p + 1);
158:     }
159:     PetscCallLAPACKInfo("LAPACKgetrs", LAPACKgetrs_("No transpose", &m, &one, ImV, &n, ipiv, scheme->beta + 1, &n, &info));

161:     /* Build stage_error vector
162:            xi = glm.c.^(p+1)/factorial(p+1) - glm.A*glm.c.^p/factorial(p) + glm.U(:,2:end)*e.alpha;
163:     */
164:     for (i = 0; i < s; i++) {
165:       scheme->stage_error[i] = CPowF(c[i], p + 1);
166:       for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->stage_error[i] -= a[i * s + j] * CPowF(c[j], p);
167:       for (j = 1; j < r; j++) scheme->stage_error[i] += u[i * r + j] * scheme->alpha[j];
168:     }

170:     /* alpha[0] (epsilon in B,J,W 2007)
171:            epsilon = 1/factorial(p+1) - B(1,:)*c.^p/factorial(p) + V(1,2:end)*e.alpha;
172:     */
173:     scheme->alpha[0] = 1. / Factorial(p + 1);
174:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->alpha[0] -= b[0 * s + j] * CPowF(c[j], p);
175:     for (j = 1; j < r; j++) scheme->alpha[0] += v[0 * r + j] * scheme->alpha[j];

177:     /* right-hand side for gamma (glm.B(2:end,:)*e.xi - e.epsilon*eye(s-1,1)) */
178:     for (i = 1; i < r; i++) {
179:       scheme->gamma[i] = (i == 1 ? -1. : 0) * scheme->alpha[0];
180:       for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->gamma[i] += b[i * s + j] * scheme->stage_error[j];
181:     }
182:     PetscCallLAPACKInfo("LAPACKgetrs", LAPACKgetrs_("No transpose", &m, &one, ImV, &n, ipiv, scheme->gamma + 1, &n, &info));

184:     /* beta[0] (rho in B,J,W 2007)
185:         e.rho = 1/factorial(p+2) - glm.B(1,:)*glm.c.^(p+1)/factorial(p+1) ...
186:             + glm.V(1,2:end)*e.beta;% - e.epsilon;
187:     % Note: The paper (B,J,W 2007) includes the last term in their definition
188:     * */
189:     scheme->beta[0] = 1. / Factorial(p + 2);
190:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->beta[0] -= b[0 * s + j] * CPowF(c[j], p + 1);
191:     for (j = 1; j < r; j++) scheme->beta[0] += v[0 * r + j] * scheme->beta[j];

193:     /* gamma[0] (sigma in B,J,W 2007)
194:     *   e.sigma = glm.B(1,:)*e.xi + glm.V(1,2:end)*e.gamma;
195:     * */
196:     scheme->gamma[0] = 0.0;
197:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) scheme->gamma[0] += b[0 * s + j] * scheme->stage_error[j];
198:     for (j = 1; j < r; j++) scheme->gamma[0] += v[0 * s + j] * scheme->gamma[j];

200:     /* Assemble H
201:     *    % " PetscInt_FMT "etermine the error estimators phi
202:        H = [[cpow(glm.c,p) + C*e.alpha] [cpow(glm.c,p+1) + C*e.beta] ...
203:                [e.xi - C*(e.gamma + 0*e.epsilon*eye(s-1,1))]]';
204:     % Paper has formula above without the 0, but that term must be left
205:     % out to satisfy the conditions they propose and to make the
206:     % example schemes work
207:     e.H = H;
208:     e.phi = (H \ [1 0 0;1 1 0;0 0 -1])';
209:     e.psi = -e.phi*C;
210:     * */
211:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) {
212:       H[0 + j * 3] = CPowF(c[j], p);
213:       H[1 + j * 3] = CPowF(c[j], p + 1);
214:       H[2 + j * 3] = scheme->stage_error[j];
215:       for (k = 1; k < r; k++) {
216:         H[0 + j * 3] += CPowF(c[j], k - 1) * scheme->alpha[k];
217:         H[1 + j * 3] += CPowF(c[j], k - 1) * scheme->beta[k];
218:         H[2 + j * 3] -= CPowF(c[j], k - 1) * scheme->gamma[k];
219:       }
220:     }
221:     bmat[0 + 0 * ss] = 1.;
222:     bmat[0 + 1 * ss] = 0.;
223:     bmat[0 + 2 * ss] = 0.;
224:     bmat[1 + 0 * ss] = 1.;
225:     bmat[1 + 1 * ss] = 1.;
226:     bmat[1 + 2 * ss] = 0.;
227:     bmat[2 + 0 * ss] = 0.;
228:     bmat[2 + 1 * ss] = 0.;
229:     bmat[2 + 2 * ss] = -1.;
230:     m                = 3;
231:     PetscCall(PetscBLASIntCast(s, &n));
232:     PetscCall(PetscBLASIntCast(ss, &ldb));
233:     rcond = 1e-12;
234: #if defined(PETSC_USE_COMPLEX)
235:     PetscCallLAPACKInfo("LAPACKgelss", LAPACKgelss_(&m, &n, &m, H, &m, bmat, &ldb, sing, &rcond, &rank, workscalar, &lwork, workreal, &info));
236: #else
237:     PetscCallLAPACKInfo("LAPACKgelss", LAPACKgelss_(&m, &n, &m, H, &m, bmat, &ldb, sing, &rcond, &rank, workscalar, &lwork, &info));
238: #endif

240:     for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
241:       for (k = 0; k < s; k++) scheme->phi[k + j * s] = bmat[k + j * ss];
242:     }

244:     /* the other part of the error estimator, psi in B,J,W 2007 */
245:     scheme->psi[0 * r + 0] = 0.;
246:     scheme->psi[1 * r + 0] = 0.;
247:     scheme->psi[2 * r + 0] = 0.;
248:     for (j = 1; j < r; j++) {
249:       scheme->psi[0 * r + j] = 0.;
250:       scheme->psi[1 * r + j] = 0.;
251:       scheme->psi[2 * r + j] = 0.;
252:       for (k = 0; k < s; k++) {
253:         scheme->psi[0 * r + j] -= CPowF(c[k], j - 1) * scheme->phi[0 * s + k];
254:         scheme->psi[1 * r + j] -= CPowF(c[k], j - 1) * scheme->phi[1 * s + k];
255:         scheme->psi[2 * r + j] -= CPowF(c[k], j - 1) * scheme->phi[2 * s + k];
256:       }
257:     }
258:     PetscCall(PetscFree7(ImV, H, bmat, workscalar, workreal, sing, ipiv));
259:   }
260:   /* Check which properties are satisfied */
261:   scheme->stiffly_accurate = PETSC_TRUE;
262:   if (scheme->c[s - 1] != 1.) scheme->stiffly_accurate = PETSC_FALSE;
263:   for (j = 0; j < s; j++)
264:     if (a[(s - 1) * s + j] != b[j]) scheme->stiffly_accurate = PETSC_FALSE;
265:   for (j = 0; j < r; j++)
266:     if (u[(s - 1) * r + j] != v[j]) scheme->stiffly_accurate = PETSC_FALSE;
267:   scheme->fsal = scheme->stiffly_accurate; /* FSAL is stronger */
268:   for (j = 0; j < s - 1; j++)
269:     if (r > 1 && b[1 * s + j] != 0.) scheme->fsal = PETSC_FALSE;
270:   if (b[1 * s + r - 1] != 1.) scheme->fsal = PETSC_FALSE;
271:   for (j = 0; j < r; j++)
272:     if (r > 1 && v[1 * r + j] != 0.) scheme->fsal = PETSC_FALSE;

274:   *inscheme = scheme;
275:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
276: }

278: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLESchemeDestroy(TSGLLEScheme sc)
279: {
280:   PetscFunctionBegin;
281:   PetscCall(PetscFree5(sc->c, sc->a, sc->b, sc->u, sc->v));
282:   PetscCall(PetscFree6(sc->alpha, sc->beta, sc->gamma, sc->phi, sc->psi, sc->stage_error));
283:   PetscCall(PetscFree(sc));
284:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
285: }

287: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEDestroy_Default(TS_GLLE *gl)
288: {
289:   PetscInt i;

291:   PetscFunctionBegin;
292:   for (i = 0; i < gl->nschemes; i++) {
293:     if (gl->schemes[i]) PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeDestroy(gl->schemes[i]));
294:   }
295:   PetscCall(PetscFree(gl->schemes));
296:   gl->nschemes = 0;
297:   PetscCall(PetscMemzero(gl->type_name, sizeof(gl->type_name)));
298:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
299: }

301: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEViewTable_Private(PetscViewer viewer, PetscInt m, PetscInt n, const PetscScalar a[], const char name[])
302: {
303:   PetscBool isascii;
304:   PetscInt  i, j;

306:   PetscFunctionBegin;
307:   PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERASCII, &isascii));
308:   if (isascii) {
309:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "%30s = [", name));
310:     for (i = 0; i < m; i++) {
311:       if (i) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "%30s   [", ""));
312:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIUseTabs(viewer, PETSC_FALSE));
313:       for (j = 0; j < n; j++) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, " %12.8g", (double)PetscRealPart(a[i * n + j])));
314:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "]\n"));
315:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIUseTabs(viewer, PETSC_TRUE));
316:     }
317:   }
318:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
319: }

321: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLESchemeView(TSGLLEScheme sc, PetscBool view_details, PetscViewer viewer)
322: {
323:   PetscBool isascii;

325:   PetscFunctionBegin;
326:   PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERASCII, &isascii));
327:   PetscCheck(isascii, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Viewer type %s not supported", ((PetscObject)viewer)->type_name);
328:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "GL scheme p,q,r,s = %" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", sc->p, sc->q, sc->r, sc->s));
329:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
330:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Stiffly accurate: %s,  FSAL: %s\n", sc->stiffly_accurate ? "yes" : "no", sc->fsal ? "yes" : "no"));
331:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Leading error constants: %10.3e  %10.3e  %10.3e\n", (double)PetscRealPart(sc->alpha[0]), (double)PetscRealPart(sc->beta[0]), (double)PetscRealPart(sc->gamma[0])));
332:   PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 1, sc->s, sc->c, "Abscissas c"));
333:   if (view_details) {
334:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, sc->s, sc->s, sc->a, "A"));
335:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, sc->r, sc->s, sc->b, "B"));
336:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, sc->s, sc->r, sc->u, "U"));
337:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, sc->r, sc->r, sc->v, "V"));

339:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 3, sc->s, sc->phi, "Error estimate phi"));
340:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 3, sc->r, sc->psi, "Error estimate psi"));
341:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 1, sc->r, sc->alpha, "Modify alpha"));
342:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 1, sc->r, sc->beta, "Modify beta"));
343:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 1, sc->r, sc->gamma, "Modify gamma"));
344:     PetscCall(TSGLLEViewTable_Private(viewer, 1, sc->s, sc->stage_error, "Stage error xi"));
345:   }
346:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
347:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
348: }

350: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEEstimateHigherMoments_Default(TSGLLEScheme sc, PetscReal h, Vec Ydot[], Vec Xold[], Vec hm[])
351: {
352:   PetscInt i;

354:   PetscFunctionBegin;
355:   PetscCheck(sc->r <= 64 && sc->s <= 64, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Ridiculous number of stages or items passed between stages");
356:   /* build error vectors*/
357:   for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
358:     PetscScalar phih[64];
359:     PetscInt    j;
360:     for (j = 0; j < sc->s; j++) phih[j] = sc->phi[i * sc->s + j] * h;
361:     PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(hm[i]));
362:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(hm[i], sc->s, phih, Ydot));
363:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(hm[i], sc->r, &sc->psi[i * sc->r], Xold));
364:   }
365:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
366: }

368: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLECompleteStep_Rescale(TSGLLEScheme sc, PetscReal h, TSGLLEScheme next_sc, PetscReal next_h, Vec Ydot[], Vec Xold[], Vec X[])
369: {
370:   PetscScalar brow[32], vrow[32];
371:   PetscInt    i, j, r, s;

373:   PetscFunctionBegin;
374:   /* Build the new solution from (X,Ydot) */
375:   r = sc->r;
376:   s = sc->s;
377:   for (i = 0; i < r; i++) {
378:     PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(X[i]));
379:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) brow[j] = h * sc->b[i * s + j];
380:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[i], s, brow, Ydot));
381:     for (j = 0; j < r; j++) vrow[j] = sc->v[i * r + j];
382:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[i], r, vrow, Xold));
383:   }
384:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
385: }

387: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLECompleteStep_RescaleAndModify(TSGLLEScheme sc, PetscReal h, TSGLLEScheme next_sc, PetscReal next_h, Vec Ydot[], Vec Xold[], Vec X[])
388: {
389:   PetscScalar brow[32], vrow[32];
390:   PetscReal   ratio;
391:   PetscInt    i, j, p, r, s;

393:   PetscFunctionBegin;
394:   /* Build the new solution from (X,Ydot) */
395:   p     = sc->p;
396:   r     = sc->r;
397:   s     = sc->s;
398:   ratio = next_h / h;
399:   for (i = 0; i < r; i++) {
400:     PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(X[i]));
401:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) {
402:       brow[j] = h * (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) * sc->b[i * s + j] + (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) - PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 1)) * (+sc->alpha[i] * sc->phi[0 * s + j]) + (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) - PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 2)) * (+sc->beta[i] * sc->phi[1 * s + j] + sc->gamma[i] * sc->phi[2 * s + j]));
403:     }
404:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[i], s, brow, Ydot));
405:     for (j = 0; j < r; j++) {
406:       vrow[j] = (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) * sc->v[i * r + j] + (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) - PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 1)) * (+sc->alpha[i] * sc->psi[0 * r + j]) + (PetscPowRealInt(ratio, i) - PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 2)) * (+sc->beta[i] * sc->psi[1 * r + j] + sc->gamma[i] * sc->psi[2 * r + j]));
407:     }
408:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[i], r, vrow, Xold));
409:   }
410:   if (r < next_sc->r) {
411:     PetscCheck(r + 1 == next_sc->r, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Cannot accommodate jump in r greater than 1");
412:     PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(X[r]));
413:     for (j = 0; j < s; j++) brow[j] = h * PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 1) * sc->phi[0 * s + j];
414:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[r], s, brow, Ydot));
415:     for (j = 0; j < r; j++) vrow[j] = PetscPowRealInt(ratio, p + 1) * sc->psi[0 * r + j];
416:     PetscCall(VecMAXPY(X[r], r, vrow, Xold));
417:   }
418:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
419: }

421: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLECreate_IRKS(TS ts)
422: {
423:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;

425:   PetscFunctionBegin;
426:   gl->Destroy               = TSGLLEDestroy_Default;
427:   gl->EstimateHigherMoments = TSGLLEEstimateHigherMoments_Default;
428:   gl->CompleteStep          = TSGLLECompleteStep_RescaleAndModify;
429:   PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(10, &gl->schemes));
430:   gl->nschemes = 0;

432:   {
433:     /* p=1,q=1, r=s=2, A- and L-stable with error estimates of order 2 and 3
434:     * Listed in Butcher & Podhaisky 2006. On error estimation in general linear methods for stiff ODE.
435:     * irks(0.3,0,[.3,1],[1],1)
436:     * Note: can be made to have classical order (not stage order) 2 by replacing 0.3 with 1-sqrt(1/2)
437:     * but doing so would sacrifice the error estimator.
438:     */
439:     const PetscScalar c[2]    = {3. / 10., 1.};
440:     const PetscScalar a[2][2] = {
441:       {3. / 10., 0       },
442:       {7. / 10., 3. / 10.}
443:     };
444:     const PetscScalar b[2][2] = {
445:       {7. / 10., 3. / 10.},
446:       {0,        1       }
447:     };
448:     const PetscScalar u[2][2] = {
449:       {1, 0},
450:       {1, 0}
451:     };
452:     const PetscScalar v[2][2] = {
453:       {1, 0},
454:       {0, 0}
455:     };
456:     PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeCreate(1, 1, 2, 2, c, *a, *b, *u, *v, &gl->schemes[gl->nschemes++]));
457:   }

459:   {
460:     /* p=q=2, r=s=3: irks(4/9,0,[1:3]/3,[0.33852],1) */
461:     /* http://www.math.auckland.ac.nz/~hpod/atlas/i2a.html */
462:     const PetscScalar c[3]    = {1. / 3., 2. / 3., 1};
463:     const PetscScalar a[3][3] = {
464:       {4. / 9.,              0,                     0      },
465:       {1.03750643704090e+00, 4. / 9.,               0      },
466:       {7.67024779410304e-01, -3.81140216918943e-01, 4. / 9.}
467:     };
468:     const PetscScalar b[3][3] = {
469:       {0.767024779410304,  -0.381140216918943, 4. / 9.          },
470:       {0.000000000000000,  0.000000000000000,  1.000000000000000},
471:       {-2.075048385225385, 0.621728385225383,  1.277197204924873}
472:     };
473:     const PetscScalar u[3][3] = {
474:       {1.0000000000000000, -0.1111111111111109, -0.0925925925925922},
475:       {1.0000000000000000, -0.8152842148186744, -0.4199095530877056},
476:       {1.0000000000000000, 0.1696709930641948,  0.0539741070314165 }
477:     };
478:     const PetscScalar v[3][3] = {
479:       {1.0000000000000000, 0.1696709930641948, 0.0539741070314165},
480:       {0.000000000000000,  0.000000000000000,  0.000000000000000 },
481:       {0.000000000000000,  0.176122795075129,  0.000000000000000 }
482:     };
483:     PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeCreate(2, 2, 3, 3, c, *a, *b, *u, *v, &gl->schemes[gl->nschemes++]));
484:   }
485:   {
486:     /* p=q=3, r=s=4: irks(9/40,0,[1:4]/4,[0.3312 1.0050],[0.49541 1;1 0]) */
487:     const PetscScalar c[4]    = {0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0};
488:     const PetscScalar a[4][4] = {
489:       {9. / 40.,             0,                     0,                 0       },
490:       {2.11286958887701e-01, 9. / 40.,              0,                 0       },
491:       {9.46338294287584e-01, -3.42942861246094e-01, 9. / 40.,          0       },
492:       {0.521490453970721,    -0.662474225622980,    0.490476425459734, 9. / 40.}
493:     };
494:     const PetscScalar b[4][4] = {
495:       {0.521490453970721,  -0.662474225622980, 0.490476425459734,  9. / 40.         },
496:       {0.000000000000000,  0.000000000000000,  0.000000000000000,  1.000000000000000},
497:       {-0.084677029310348, 1.390757514776085,  -1.568157386206001, 2.023192696767826},
498:       {0.465383797936408,  1.478273530625148,  -1.930836081010182, 1.644872111193354}
499:     };
500:     const PetscScalar u[4][4] = {
501:       {1.00000000000000000, 0.02500000000001035,  -0.02499999999999053, -0.00442708333332865},
502:       {1.00000000000000000, 0.06371304111232945,  -0.04032173972189845, -0.01389438413189452},
503:       {1.00000000000000000, -0.07839543304147778, 0.04738685705116663,  0.02032603595928376 },
504:       {1.00000000000000000, 0.42550734619251651,  0.10800718022400080,  -0.01726712647760034}
505:     };
506:     const PetscScalar v[4][4] = {
507:       {1.00000000000000000, 0.42550734619251651, 0.10800718022400080, -0.01726712647760034},
508:       {0.000000000000000,   0.000000000000000,   0.000000000000000,   0.000000000000000   },
509:       {0.000000000000000,   -1.761115796027561,  -0.521284157173780,  0.258249384305463   },
510:       {0.000000000000000,   -1.657693358744728,  -1.052227765232394,  0.521284157173780   }
511:     };
512:     PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeCreate(3, 3, 4, 4, c, *a, *b, *u, *v, &gl->schemes[gl->nschemes++]));
513:   }
514:   {
515:     /* p=q=4, r=s=5:
516:           irks(3/11,0,[1:5]/5, [0.1715   -0.1238    0.6617],...
517:           [ -0.0812    0.4079    1.0000
518:              1.0000         0         0
519:              0.8270    1.0000         0])
520:     */
521:     const PetscScalar c[5]    = {0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0};
522:     const PetscScalar a[5][5] = {
523:       {2.72727272727352e-01,  0.00000000000000e+00,  0.00000000000000e+00,  0.00000000000000e+00, 0.00000000000000e+00},
524:       {-1.03980153733431e-01, 2.72727272727405e-01,  0.00000000000000e+00,  0.00000000000000e+00, 0.00000000000000e+00},
525:       {-1.58615400341492e+00, 7.44168951881122e-01,  2.72727272727309e-01,  0.00000000000000e+00, 0.00000000000000e+00},
526:       {-8.73658042865628e-01, 5.37884671894595e-01,  -1.63298538799523e-01, 2.72727272726996e-01, 0.00000000000000e+00},
527:       {2.95489397443992e-01,  -1.18481693910097e+00, -6.68029812659953e-01, 1.00716687860943e+00, 2.72727272727288e-01}
528:     };
529:     const PetscScalar b[5][5] = {
530:       {2.95489397443992e-01,  -1.18481693910097e+00, -6.68029812659953e-01, 1.00716687860943e+00,  2.72727272727288e-01},
531:       {0.00000000000000e+00,  1.11022302462516e-16,  -2.22044604925031e-16, 0.00000000000000e+00,  1.00000000000000e+00},
532:       {-4.05882503986005e+00, -4.00924006567769e+00, -1.38930610972481e+00, 4.45223930308488e+00,  6.32331093108427e-01},
533:       {8.35690179937017e+00,  -2.26640927349732e+00, 6.86647884973826e+00,  -5.22595158025740e+00, 4.50893068837431e+00},
534:       {1.27656267027479e+01,  2.80882153840821e+00,  8.91173096522890e+00,  -1.07936444078906e+01, 4.82534148988854e+00}
535:     };
536:     const PetscScalar u[5][5] = {
537:       {1.00000000000000e+00, -7.27272727273551e-02, -3.45454545454419e-02, -4.12121212119565e-03, -2.96969696964014e-04},
538:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 2.31252881006154e-01,  -8.29487834416481e-03, -9.07191207681020e-03, -1.70378403743473e-03},
539:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.16925777880663e+00,  3.59268562942635e-02,  -4.09013451730615e-02, -1.02411119670164e-02},
540:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.02634463704356e+00,  1.59375044913405e-01,  1.89673015035370e-03,  -4.89987231897569e-03},
541:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.27746320298021e+00,  2.37186008132728e-01,  -8.28694373940065e-02, -5.34396510196430e-02}
542:     };
543:     const PetscScalar v[5][5] = {
544:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.27746320298021e+00,  2.37186008132728e-01,  -8.28694373940065e-02, -5.34396510196430e-02},
545:       {0.00000000000000e+00, -1.77635683940025e-15, -1.99840144432528e-15, -9.99200722162641e-16, -3.33066907387547e-16},
546:       {0.00000000000000e+00, 4.37280081906924e+00,  5.49221645016377e-02,  -8.88913177394943e-02, 1.12879077989154e-01 },
547:       {0.00000000000000e+00, -1.22399504837280e+01, -5.21287338448645e+00, -8.03952325565291e-01, 4.60298678047147e-01 },
548:       {0.00000000000000e+00, -1.85178762883829e+01, -5.21411849862624e+00, -1.04283436528809e+00, 7.49030161063651e-01 }
549:     };
550:     PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeCreate(4, 4, 5, 5, c, *a, *b, *u, *v, &gl->schemes[gl->nschemes++]));
551:   }
552:   {
553:     /* p=q=5, r=s=6;
554:        irks(1/3,0,[1:6]/6,...
555:           [-0.0489    0.4228   -0.8814    0.9021],...
556:           [-0.3474   -0.6617    0.6294    0.2129
557:             0.0044   -0.4256   -0.1427   -0.8936
558:            -0.8267    0.4821    0.1371   -0.2557
559:            -0.4426   -0.3855   -0.7514    0.3014])
560:     */
561:     const PetscScalar c[6]    = {1. / 6, 2. / 6, 3. / 6, 4. / 6, 5. / 6, 1.};
562:     const PetscScalar a[6][6] = {
563:       {3.33333333333940e-01,  0,                     0,                     0,                     0,                    0                   },
564:       {-8.64423857333350e-02, 3.33333333332888e-01,  0,                     0,                     0,                    0                   },
565:       {-2.16850174258252e+00, -2.23619072028839e+00, 3.33333333335204e-01,  0,                     0,                    0                   },
566:       {-4.73160970138997e+00, -3.89265344629268e+00, -2.76318716520933e-01, 3.33333333335759e-01,  0,                    0                   },
567:       {-6.75187540297338e+00, -7.90756533769377e+00, 7.90245051802259e-01,  -4.48352364517632e-01, 3.33333333328483e-01, 0                   },
568:       {-4.26488287921548e+00, -1.19320395589302e+01, 3.38924509887755e+00,  -2.23969848002481e+00, 6.62807710124007e-01, 3.33333333335440e-01}
569:     };
570:     const PetscScalar b[6][6] = {
571:       {-4.26488287921548e+00, -1.19320395589302e+01, 3.38924509887755e+00,  -2.23969848002481e+00, 6.62807710124007e-01,  3.33333333335440e-01 },
572:       {-8.88178419700125e-16, 4.44089209850063e-16,  -1.54737334057131e-15, -8.88178419700125e-16, 0.00000000000000e+00,  1.00000000000001e+00 },
573:       {-2.87780425770651e+01, -1.13520448264971e+01, 2.62002318943161e+01,  2.56943874812797e+01,  -3.06702268304488e+01, 6.68067773510103e+00 },
574:       {5.47971245256474e+01,  6.80366875868284e+01,  -6.50952588861999e+01, -8.28643975339097e+01, 8.17416943896414e+01,  -1.17819043489036e+01},
575:       {-2.33332114788869e+02, 6.12942539462634e+01,  -4.91850135865944e+01, 1.82716844135480e+02,  -1.29788173979395e+02, 3.09968095651099e+01 },
576:       {-1.72049132343751e+02, 8.60194713593999e+00,  7.98154219170200e-01,  1.50371386053218e+02,  -1.18515423962066e+02, 2.50898277784663e+01 }
577:     };
578:     const PetscScalar u[6][6] = {
579:       {1.00000000000000e+00, -1.66666666666870e-01, -4.16666666664335e-02, -3.85802469124815e-03, -2.25051440302250e-04, -9.64506172339142e-06},
580:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 8.64423857327162e-02,  -4.11484912671353e-02, -1.11450903217645e-02, -1.47651050487126e-03, -1.34395070766826e-04},
581:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 4.57135912953434e+00,  1.06514719719137e+00,  1.33517564218007e-01,  1.11365952968659e-02,  6.12382756769504e-04 },
582:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 9.23391519753404e+00,  2.22431212392095e+00,  2.91823807741891e-01,  2.52058456411084e-02,  1.22800542949647e-03 },
583:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.48175480533865e+01,  3.73439117461835e+00,  5.14648336541804e-01,  4.76430038853402e-02,  2.56798515502156e-03 },
584:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.50512347758335e+01,  4.10099701165164e+00,  5.66039141003603e-01,  3.91213893800891e-02,  -2.99136269067853e-03}
585:     };
586:     const PetscScalar v[6][6] = {
587:       {1.00000000000000e+00, 1.50512347758335e+01,  4.10099701165164e+00,  5.66039141003603e-01,  3.91213893800891e-02,  -2.99136269067853e-03},
588:       {0.00000000000000e+00, -4.88498130835069e-15, -6.43929354282591e-15, -3.55271367880050e-15, -1.22124532708767e-15, -3.12250225675825e-16},
589:       {0.00000000000000e+00, 1.22250171233141e+01,  -1.77150760606169e+00, 3.54516769879390e-01,  6.22298845883398e-01,  2.31647447450276e-01 },
590:       {0.00000000000000e+00, -4.48339457331040e+01, -3.57363126641880e-01, 5.18750173123425e-01,  6.55727990241799e-02,  1.63175368287079e-01 },
591:       {0.00000000000000e+00, 1.37297394708005e+02,  -1.60145272991317e+00, -5.05319555199441e+00, 1.55328940390990e-01,  9.16629423682464e-01 },
592:       {0.00000000000000e+00, 1.05703241119022e+02,  -1.16610260983038e+00, -2.99767252773859e+00, -1.13472315553890e-01, 1.09742849254729e+00 }
593:     };
594:     PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeCreate(5, 5, 6, 6, c, *a, *b, *u, *v, &gl->schemes[gl->nschemes++]));
595:   }
596:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
597: }

599: /*@
600:   TSGLLESetType - sets the class of general linear method, `TSGLLE` to use for time-stepping

602:   Collective

604:   Input Parameters:
605: + ts   - the `TS` context
606: - type - a method, currently only `TSGLLE_IRKS` is available

608:   Options Database Key:
609: . -ts_gl_type (irks) - sets the method

611:   Level: intermediate

613: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TS`, `TSGLLEType`, `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLERegister()`, `TSGLLE_IRKS`, `TSGLLEGetAcceptType()`,
614:           `TSGLLESetAcceptType()`, `TSGLLEAcceptType()`
615: @*/
616: PetscErrorCode TSGLLESetType(TS ts, TSGLLEType type)
617: {
618:   PetscFunctionBegin;
620:   PetscAssertPointer(type, 2);
621:   PetscTryMethod(ts, "TSGLLESetType_C", (TS, TSGLLEType), (ts, type));
622:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
623: }

625: /*@C
626:   TSGLLESetAcceptType - sets the acceptance test for `TSGLLE`

628:   Logically Collective

630:   Input Parameters:
631: + ts   - the `TS` context
632: - type - the type

634:   Options Database Key:
635: . -ts_gl_accept_type (always) - sets the method used to determine whether to accept or reject a step

637:   Level: intermediate

639:   Notes:
640:   Time integrators that need to control error must have the option to reject a time step based
641:   on local error estimates. This function allows different schemes to be set.

643: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TS`, `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLEAcceptRegister()`, `TSGLLEAdapt`
644: @*/
645: PetscErrorCode TSGLLESetAcceptType(TS ts, TSGLLEAcceptType type)
646: {
647:   PetscFunctionBegin;
649:   PetscAssertPointer(type, 2);
650:   PetscTryMethod(ts, "TSGLLESetAcceptType_C", (TS, TSGLLEAcceptType), (ts, type));
651:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
652: }

654: /*@
655:   TSGLLEGetAdapt - gets the `TSGLLEAdapt` object from the `TS`

657:   Not Collective

659:   Input Parameter:
660: . ts - the `TS` context

662:   Output Parameter:
663: . adapt - the `TSGLLEAdapt` context

665:   Level: advanced

667:   Note:
668:   This allows the user set options on the `TSGLLEAdapt` object. Usually it is better to do this
669:   using the options database, so this function is rarely needed.

671: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TS`, `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLEAdapt`, `TSGLLEAdaptRegister()`
672: @*/
673: PetscErrorCode TSGLLEGetAdapt(TS ts, TSGLLEAdapt *adapt)
674: {
675:   PetscFunctionBegin;
677:   PetscAssertPointer(adapt, 2);
678:   PetscUseMethod(ts, "TSGLLEGetAdapt_C", (TS, TSGLLEAdapt *), (ts, adapt));
679:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
680: }

682: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEAccept_Always(TS ts, PetscReal tleft, PetscReal h, const PetscReal enorms[], PetscBool *accept)
683: {
684:   PetscFunctionBegin;
685:   *accept = PETSC_TRUE;
686:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
687: }

689: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEUpdateWRMS(TS ts)
690: {
691:   TS_GLLE     *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
692:   PetscScalar *x, *w;
693:   PetscInt     n, i;

695:   PetscFunctionBegin;
696:   PetscCall(VecGetArray(gl->X[0], &x));
697:   PetscCall(VecGetArray(gl->W, &w));
698:   PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(gl->W, &n));
699:   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) w[i] = 1. / (gl->wrms_atol + gl->wrms_rtol * PetscAbsScalar(x[i]));
700:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(gl->X[0], &x));
701:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(gl->W, &w));
702:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
703: }

705: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEVecNormWRMS(TS ts, Vec X, PetscReal *nrm)
706: {
707:   TS_GLLE     *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
708:   PetscScalar *x, *w;
709:   PetscReal    sum = 0.0, gsum;
710:   PetscInt     n, N, i;

712:   PetscFunctionBegin;
713:   PetscCall(VecGetArray(X, &x));
714:   PetscCall(VecGetArray(gl->W, &w));
715:   PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(gl->W, &n));
716:   for (i = 0; i < n; i++) sum += PetscAbsScalar(PetscSqr(x[i] * w[i]));
717:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(X, &x));
718:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(gl->W, &w));
719:   PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(&sum, &gsum, 1, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_SUM, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts)));
720:   PetscCall(VecGetSize(gl->W, &N));
721:   *nrm = PetscSqrtReal(gsum / (1. * N));
722:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
723: }

725: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLESetType_GLLE(TS ts, TSGLLEType type)
726: {
727:   PetscBool same;
728:   TS_GLLE  *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
729:   PetscErrorCode (*r)(TS);

731:   PetscFunctionBegin;
732:   if (gl->type_name[0]) {
733:     PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(gl->type_name, type, &same));
734:     if (same) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
735:     PetscCall((*gl->Destroy)(gl));
736:   }

738:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListFind(TSGLLEList, type, &r));
739:   PetscCheck(r, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts), PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE, "Unknown TSGLLE type \"%s\" given", type);
740:   PetscCall((*r)(ts));
741:   PetscCall(PetscStrncpy(gl->type_name, type, sizeof(gl->type_name)));
742:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
743: }

745: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLESetAcceptType_GLLE(TS ts, TSGLLEAcceptType type)
746: {
747:   TSGLLEAcceptFn *r;
748:   TS_GLLE        *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;

750:   PetscFunctionBegin;
751:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListFind(TSGLLEAcceptList, type, &r));
752:   PetscCheck(r, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts), PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE, "Unknown TSGLLEAccept type \"%s\" given", type);
753:   gl->Accept = r;
754:   PetscCall(PetscStrncpy(gl->accept_name, type, sizeof(gl->accept_name)));
755:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
756: }

758: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEGetAdapt_GLLE(TS ts, TSGLLEAdapt *adapt)
759: {
760:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;

762:   PetscFunctionBegin;
763:   if (!gl->adapt) {
764:     PetscCall(TSGLLEAdaptCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts), &gl->adapt));
765:     PetscCall(PetscObjectIncrementTabLevel((PetscObject)gl->adapt, (PetscObject)ts, 1));
766:   }
767:   *adapt = gl->adapt;
768:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
769: }

771: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEChooseNextScheme(TS ts, PetscReal h, const PetscReal hmnorm[], PetscInt *next_scheme, PetscReal *next_h, PetscBool *finish)
772: {
773:   TS_GLLE  *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
774:   PetscInt  i, n, cur_p, cur, next_sc, candidates[64], orders[64];
775:   PetscReal errors[64], costs[64], tleft;

777:   PetscFunctionBegin;
778:   cur   = -1;
779:   cur_p = gl->schemes[gl->current_scheme]->p;
780:   tleft = ts->max_time - (ts->ptime + ts->time_step);
781:   for (i = 0, n = 0; i < gl->nschemes; i++) {
782:     TSGLLEScheme sc = gl->schemes[i];
783:     if (sc->p < gl->min_order || gl->max_order < sc->p) continue;
784:     if (sc->p == cur_p - 1) errors[n] = PetscAbsScalar(sc->alpha[0]) * hmnorm[0];
785:     else if (sc->p == cur_p) errors[n] = PetscAbsScalar(sc->alpha[0]) * hmnorm[1];
786:     else if (sc->p == cur_p + 1) errors[n] = PetscAbsScalar(sc->alpha[0]) * (hmnorm[2] + hmnorm[3]);
787:     else continue;
788:     candidates[n] = i;
789:     orders[n]     = PetscMin(sc->p, sc->q); /* order of global truncation error */
790:     costs[n]      = sc->s;                  /* estimate the cost as the number of stages */
791:     if (i == gl->current_scheme) cur = n;
792:     n++;
793:   }
794:   PetscCheck(cur >= 0 && gl->nschemes > cur, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Current scheme not found in scheme list");
795:   PetscCall(TSGLLEAdaptChoose(gl->adapt, n, orders, errors, costs, cur, h, tleft, &next_sc, next_h, finish));
796:   *next_scheme = candidates[next_sc];
797:   PetscCall(PetscInfo(ts, "Adapt chose scheme %" PetscInt_FMT " (%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ",%" PetscInt_FMT ") with step size %6.2e, finish=%s\n", *next_scheme, gl->schemes[*next_scheme]->p, gl->schemes[*next_scheme]->q,
798:                       gl->schemes[*next_scheme]->r, gl->schemes[*next_scheme]->s, (double)*next_h, PetscBools[*finish]));
799:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
800: }

802: static PetscErrorCode TSGLLEGetMaxSizes(TS ts, PetscInt *max_r, PetscInt *max_s)
803: {
804:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;

806:   PetscFunctionBegin;
807:   *max_r = gl->schemes[gl->nschemes - 1]->r;
808:   *max_s = gl->schemes[gl->nschemes - 1]->s;
809:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
810: }

812: static PetscErrorCode TSSolve_GLLE(TS ts)
813: {
814:   TS_GLLE            *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
815:   PetscInt            i, k, its, lits, max_r, max_s;
816:   PetscBool           final_step, finish;
817:   SNESConvergedReason snesreason;

819:   PetscFunctionBegin;
820:   PetscCall(TSMonitor(ts, ts->steps, ts->ptime, ts->vec_sol));

822:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetMaxSizes(ts, &max_r, &max_s));
823:   PetscCall(VecCopy(ts->vec_sol, gl->X[0]));
824:   for (i = 1; i < max_r; i++) PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(gl->X[i]));
825:   PetscCall(TSGLLEUpdateWRMS(ts));

827:   if (0) {
828:     /* Find consistent initial data for DAE */
829:     gl->stage_time = ts->ptime + ts->time_step;
830:     gl->scoeff     = 1.;
831:     gl->stage      = 0;

833:     PetscCall(VecCopy(ts->vec_sol, gl->Z));
834:     PetscCall(VecCopy(ts->vec_sol, gl->Y));
835:     PetscCall(SNESSolve(ts->snes, NULL, gl->Y));
836:     PetscCall(SNESGetIterationNumber(ts->snes, &its));
837:     PetscCall(SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(ts->snes, &lits));
838:     PetscCall(SNESGetConvergedReason(ts->snes, &snesreason));

840:     ts->snes_its += its;
841:     ts->ksp_its += lits;
842:     if (snesreason < 0 && ts->max_snes_failures != PETSC_UNLIMITED && ++ts->num_snes_failures >= ts->max_snes_failures) {
843:       ts->reason = TS_DIVERGED_NONLINEAR_SOLVE;
844:       PetscCall(PetscInfo(ts, "Step=%" PetscInt_FMT ", nonlinear solve failures %" PetscInt_FMT " greater than current TS allowed, stopping solve\n", ts->steps, ts->num_snes_failures));
845:       PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
846:     }
847:   }

849:   PetscCheck(gl->current_scheme >= 0, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ORDER, "A starting scheme has not been provided");

851:   for (k = 0, final_step = PETSC_FALSE, finish = PETSC_FALSE; k < ts->max_steps && !finish; k++) {
852:     PetscInt           j, r, s, next_scheme = 0, rejections;
853:     PetscReal          h, hmnorm[4], enorm[3], next_h;
854:     PetscBool          accept;
855:     const PetscScalar *c, *a, *u;
856:     Vec               *X, *Ydot, Y;
857:     TSGLLEScheme       scheme = gl->schemes[gl->current_scheme];

859:     r    = scheme->r;
860:     s    = scheme->s;
861:     c    = scheme->c;
862:     a    = scheme->a;
863:     u    = scheme->u;
864:     h    = ts->time_step;
865:     X    = gl->X;
866:     Ydot = gl->Ydot;
867:     Y    = gl->Y;

869:     if (ts->ptime > ts->max_time) break;

871:     /*
872:       We only call PreStep at the start of each STEP, not each STAGE.  This is because it is
873:       possible to fail (have to restart a step) after multiple stages.
874:     */
875:     PetscCall(TSPreStep(ts));

877:     rejections = 0;
878:     while (1) {
879:       for (i = 0; i < s; i++) {
880:         PetscScalar shift;
881:         gl->scoeff     = 1. / PetscRealPart(a[i * s + i]);
882:         shift          = gl->scoeff / ts->time_step;
883:         gl->stage      = i;
884:         gl->stage_time = ts->ptime + PetscRealPart(c[i]) * h;

886:         /*
887:         * Stage equation: Y = h A Y' + U X
888:         * We assume that A is lower-triangular so that we can solve the stages (Y,Y') sequentially
889:         * Build the affine vector z_i = -[1/(h a_ii)](h sum_j a_ij y'_j + sum_j u_ij x_j)
890:         * Then y'_i = z + 1/(h a_ii) y_i
891:         */
892:         PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(gl->Z));
893:         for (j = 0; j < r; j++) PetscCall(VecAXPY(gl->Z, -shift * u[i * r + j], X[j]));
894:         for (j = 0; j < i; j++) PetscCall(VecAXPY(gl->Z, -shift * h * a[i * s + j], Ydot[j]));
895:         /* Note: Z is used within function evaluation, Ydot = Z + shift*Y */

897:         /* Compute an estimate of Y to start Newton iteration */
898:         if (gl->extrapolate) {
899:           if (i == 0) {
900:             /* Linear extrapolation on the first stage */
901:             PetscCall(VecWAXPY(Y, c[i] * h, X[1], X[0]));
902:           } else {
903:             /* Linear extrapolation from the last stage */
904:             PetscCall(VecAXPY(Y, (c[i] - c[i - 1]) * h, Ydot[i - 1]));
905:           }
906:         } else if (i == 0) { /* Directly use solution from the last step, otherwise reuse the last stage (do nothing) */
907:           PetscCall(VecCopy(X[0], Y));
908:         }

910:         /* Solve this stage (Ydot[i] is computed during function evaluation) */
911:         PetscCall(SNESSolve(ts->snes, NULL, Y));
912:         PetscCall(SNESGetIterationNumber(ts->snes, &its));
913:         PetscCall(SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(ts->snes, &lits));
914:         PetscCall(SNESGetConvergedReason(ts->snes, &snesreason));
915:         ts->snes_its += its;
916:         ts->ksp_its += lits;
917:         if (snesreason < 0 && ts->max_snes_failures != PETSC_UNLIMITED && ++ts->num_snes_failures >= ts->max_snes_failures) {
918:           ts->reason = TS_DIVERGED_NONLINEAR_SOLVE;
919:           PetscCall(PetscInfo(ts, "Step=%" PetscInt_FMT ", nonlinear solve failures %" PetscInt_FMT " greater than current TS allowed, stopping solve\n", ts->steps, ts->num_snes_failures));
920:           PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
921:         }
922:       }

924:       gl->stage_time = ts->ptime + ts->time_step;

926:       PetscCall((*gl->EstimateHigherMoments)(scheme, h, Ydot, gl->X, gl->himom));
927:       /* hmnorm[i] = h^{p+i}x^{(p+i)} with i=0,1,2; hmnorm[3] = h^{p+2}(dx'/dx) x^{(p+1)} */
928:       for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) PetscCall(TSGLLEVecNormWRMS(ts, gl->himom[i], &hmnorm[i + 1]));
929:       enorm[0] = PetscRealPart(scheme->alpha[0]) * hmnorm[1];
930:       enorm[1] = PetscRealPart(scheme->beta[0]) * hmnorm[2];
931:       enorm[2] = PetscRealPart(scheme->gamma[0]) * hmnorm[3];
932:       PetscCall((*gl->Accept)(ts, ts->max_time - gl->stage_time, h, enorm, &accept));
933:       if (accept) goto accepted;
934:       rejections++;
935:       PetscCall(PetscInfo(ts, "Step %" PetscInt_FMT " (t=%g) not accepted, rejections=%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", k, (double)gl->stage_time, rejections));
936:       if (rejections > gl->max_step_rejections) break;
937:       /*
938:         There are lots of reasons why a step might be rejected, including solvers not converging and other factors that
939:         TSGLLEChooseNextScheme does not support.  Additionally, the error estimates may be very screwed up, so I'm not
940:         convinced that it's safe to just compute a new error estimate using the same interface as the current adaptor
941:         (the adaptor interface probably has to change).  Here we make an arbitrary and naive choice.  This assumes that
942:         steps were written in Nordsieck form.  The "correct" method would be to re-complete the previous time step with
943:         the correct "next" step size.  It is unclear to me whether the present ad-hoc method of rescaling X is stable.
944:       */
945:       h *= 0.5;
946:       for (i = 1; i < scheme->r; i++) PetscCall(VecScale(X[i], PetscPowRealInt(0.5, i)));
947:     }
948:     SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_CONV_FAILED, "Time step %" PetscInt_FMT " (t=%g) not accepted after %" PetscInt_FMT " failures", k, (double)gl->stage_time, rejections);

950:   accepted:
951:     /* This term is not error, but it *would* be the leading term for a lower order method */
952:     PetscCall(TSGLLEVecNormWRMS(ts, gl->X[scheme->r - 1], &hmnorm[0]));
953:     /* Correct scaling so that these are equivalent to norms of the Nordsieck vectors */

955:     PetscCall(PetscInfo(ts, "Last moment norm %10.2e, estimated error norms %10.2e %10.2e %10.2e\n", (double)hmnorm[0], (double)enorm[0], (double)enorm[1], (double)enorm[2]));
956:     if (!final_step) {
957:       PetscCall(TSGLLEChooseNextScheme(ts, h, hmnorm, &next_scheme, &next_h, &final_step));
958:     } else {
959:       /* Dummy values to complete the current step in a consistent manner */
960:       next_scheme = gl->current_scheme;
961:       next_h      = h;
962:       finish      = PETSC_TRUE;
963:     }

965:     X        = gl->Xold;
966:     gl->Xold = gl->X;
967:     gl->X    = X;
968:     PetscCall((*gl->CompleteStep)(scheme, h, gl->schemes[next_scheme], next_h, Ydot, gl->Xold, gl->X));

970:     PetscCall(TSGLLEUpdateWRMS(ts));

972:     /* Post the solution for the user, we could avoid this copy with a small bit of cleverness */
973:     PetscCall(VecCopy(gl->X[0], ts->vec_sol));
974:     ts->ptime += h;
975:     ts->steps++;

977:     PetscCall(TSPostEvaluate(ts));
978:     PetscCall(TSPostStep(ts));
979:     PetscCall(TSMonitor(ts, ts->steps, ts->ptime, ts->vec_sol));

981:     gl->current_scheme = next_scheme;
982:     ts->time_step      = next_h;
983:   }
984:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
985: }

987: static PetscErrorCode TSReset_GLLE(TS ts)
988: {
989:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
990:   PetscInt max_r, max_s;

992:   PetscFunctionBegin;
993:   if (gl->setupcalled) {
994:     PetscCall(TSGLLEGetMaxSizes(ts, &max_r, &max_s));
995:     PetscCall(VecDestroyVecs(max_r, &gl->Xold));
996:     PetscCall(VecDestroyVecs(max_r, &gl->X));
997:     PetscCall(VecDestroyVecs(max_s, &gl->Ydot));
998:     PetscCall(VecDestroyVecs(3, &gl->himom));
999:     PetscCall(VecDestroy(&gl->W));
1000:     PetscCall(VecDestroy(&gl->Y));
1001:     PetscCall(VecDestroy(&gl->Z));
1002:   }
1003:   PetscCall(TSGLLEAdaptDestroy(&gl->adapt));
1004:   if (gl->Destroy) PetscCall((*gl->Destroy)(gl));
1005:   gl->setupcalled = PETSC_FALSE;
1006:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1007: }

1009: static PetscErrorCode TSDestroy_GLLE(TS ts)
1010: {
1011:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1012:   PetscCall(TSReset_GLLE(ts));
1013:   if (ts->dm) {
1014:     PetscCall(DMCoarsenHookRemove(ts->dm, DMCoarsenHook_TSGLLE, DMRestrictHook_TSGLLE, ts));
1015:     PetscCall(DMSubDomainHookRemove(ts->dm, DMSubDomainHook_TSGLLE, DMSubDomainRestrictHook_TSGLLE, ts));
1016:   }
1017:   PetscCall(PetscFree(ts->data));
1018:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLESetType_C", NULL));
1019:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLESetAcceptType_C", NULL));
1020:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLEGetAdapt_C", NULL));
1021:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1022: }

1024: /*
1025:     This defines the nonlinear equation that is to be solved with SNES
1026:     g(x) = f(t,x,z+shift*x) = 0
1027: */
1028: static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormFunction_GLLE(SNES snes, Vec x, Vec f, TS ts)
1029: {
1030:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
1031:   Vec      Z, Ydot;
1032:   DM       dm, dmsave;

1034:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1035:   PetscCall(SNESGetDM(snes, &dm));
1036:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, dm, &Z, &Ydot));
1037:   PetscCall(VecWAXPY(Ydot, gl->scoeff / ts->time_step, x, Z));
1038:   dmsave = ts->dm;
1039:   ts->dm = dm;
1040:   PetscCall(TSComputeIFunction(ts, gl->stage_time, x, Ydot, f, PETSC_FALSE));
1041:   ts->dm = dmsave;
1042:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, dm, &Z, &Ydot));
1043:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1044: }

1046: static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormJacobian_GLLE(SNES snes, Vec x, Mat A, Mat B, TS ts)
1047: {
1048:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
1049:   Vec      Z, Ydot;
1050:   DM       dm, dmsave;

1052:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1053:   PetscCall(SNESGetDM(snes, &dm));
1054:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetVecs(ts, dm, &Z, &Ydot));
1055:   dmsave = ts->dm;
1056:   ts->dm = dm;
1057:   /* gl->Xdot will have already been computed in SNESTSFormFunction_GLLE */
1058:   PetscCall(TSComputeIJacobian(ts, gl->stage_time, x, gl->Ydot[gl->stage], gl->scoeff / ts->time_step, A, B, PETSC_FALSE));
1059:   ts->dm = dmsave;
1060:   PetscCall(TSGLLERestoreVecs(ts, dm, &Z, &Ydot));
1061:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1062: }

1064: static PetscErrorCode TSSetUp_GLLE(TS ts)
1065: {
1066:   TS_GLLE *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
1067:   PetscInt max_r, max_s;
1068:   DM       dm;

1070:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1071:   if (!gl->type_name[0]) PetscCall(TSGLLESetType(ts, TSGLLE_IRKS));
1072:   gl->setupcalled = PETSC_TRUE;
1073:   PetscCall(TSGLLEGetMaxSizes(ts, &max_r, &max_s));
1074:   PetscCall(VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol, max_r, &gl->X));
1075:   PetscCall(VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol, max_r, &gl->Xold));
1076:   PetscCall(VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol, max_s, &gl->Ydot));
1077:   PetscCall(VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol, 3, &gl->himom));
1078:   PetscCall(VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol, &gl->W));
1079:   PetscCall(VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol, &gl->Y));
1080:   PetscCall(VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol, &gl->Z));

1082:   /* Default acceptance tests and adaptivity */
1083:   if (!gl->Accept) PetscCall(TSGLLESetAcceptType(ts, TSGLLEACCEPT_ALWAYS));
1084:   if (!gl->adapt) PetscCall(TSGLLEGetAdapt(ts, &gl->adapt));

1086:   if (gl->current_scheme < 0) {
1087:     PetscInt i;
1088:     for (i = 0;; i++) {
1089:       if (gl->schemes[i]->p == gl->start_order) break;
1090:       PetscCheck(i + 1 != gl->nschemes, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE, "No schemes available with requested start order %" PetscInt_FMT, i);
1091:     }
1092:     gl->current_scheme = i;
1093:   }
1094:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &dm));
1095:   PetscCall(DMCoarsenHookAdd(dm, DMCoarsenHook_TSGLLE, DMRestrictHook_TSGLLE, ts));
1096:   PetscCall(DMSubDomainHookAdd(dm, DMSubDomainHook_TSGLLE, DMSubDomainRestrictHook_TSGLLE, ts));
1097:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1098: }

1100: static PetscErrorCode TSSetFromOptions_GLLE(TS ts, PetscOptionItems PetscOptionsObject)
1101: {
1102:   TS_GLLE *gl         = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
1103:   char     tname[256] = TSGLLE_IRKS, completef[256] = "rescale-and-modify";

1105:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1106:   PetscOptionsHeadBegin(PetscOptionsObject, "General Linear ODE solver options");
1107:   {
1108:     PetscBool flg;
1109:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsFList("-ts_gl_type", "Type of GL method", "TSGLLESetType", TSGLLEList, gl->type_name[0] ? gl->type_name : tname, tname, sizeof(tname), &flg));
1110:     if (flg || !gl->type_name[0]) PetscCall(TSGLLESetType(ts, tname));
1111:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-ts_gl_max_step_rejections", "Maximum number of times to attempt a step", "None", gl->max_step_rejections, &gl->max_step_rejections, NULL));
1112:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-ts_gl_max_order", "Maximum order to try", "TSGLLESetMaxOrder", gl->max_order, &gl->max_order, NULL));
1113:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-ts_gl_min_order", "Minimum order to try", "TSGLLESetMinOrder", gl->min_order, &gl->min_order, NULL));
1114:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-ts_gl_start_order", "Initial order to try", "TSGLLESetMinOrder", gl->start_order, &gl->start_order, NULL));
1115:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-ts_gl_error_direction", "Which direction to look when estimating error", "TSGLLESetErrorDirection", TSGLLEErrorDirections, (PetscEnum)gl->error_direction, (PetscEnum *)&gl->error_direction, NULL));
1116:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsBool("-ts_gl_extrapolate", "Extrapolate stage solution from previous solution (sometimes unstable)", "TSGLLESetExtrapolate", gl->extrapolate, &gl->extrapolate, NULL));
1117:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-ts_gl_atol", "Absolute tolerance", "TSGLLESetTolerances", gl->wrms_atol, &gl->wrms_atol, NULL));
1118:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-ts_gl_rtol", "Relative tolerance", "TSGLLESetTolerances", gl->wrms_rtol, &gl->wrms_rtol, NULL));
1119:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-ts_gl_complete", "Method to use for completing the step", "none", completef, completef, sizeof(completef), &flg));
1120:     if (flg) {
1121:       PetscBool match1, match2;
1122:       PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(completef, "rescale", &match1));
1123:       PetscCall(PetscStrcmp(completef, "rescale-and-modify", &match2));
1124:       if (match1) gl->CompleteStep = TSGLLECompleteStep_Rescale;
1125:       else if (match2) gl->CompleteStep = TSGLLECompleteStep_RescaleAndModify;
1126:       else SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts), PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE, "%s", completef);
1127:     }
1128:     {
1129:       char type[256] = TSGLLEACCEPT_ALWAYS;
1130:       PetscCall(PetscOptionsFList("-ts_gl_accept_type", "Method to use for determining whether to accept a step", "TSGLLESetAcceptType", TSGLLEAcceptList, gl->accept_name[0] ? gl->accept_name : type, type, sizeof(type), &flg));
1131:       if (flg || !gl->accept_name[0]) PetscCall(TSGLLESetAcceptType(ts, type));
1132:     }
1133:     {
1134:       TSGLLEAdapt adapt;
1135:       PetscCall(TSGLLEGetAdapt(ts, &adapt));
1136:       PetscCall(TSGLLEAdaptSetFromOptions(adapt, PetscOptionsObject));
1137:     }
1138:   }
1139:   PetscOptionsHeadEnd();
1140:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1141: }

1143: static PetscErrorCode TSView_GLLE(TS ts, PetscViewer viewer)
1144: {
1145:   TS_GLLE  *gl = (TS_GLLE *)ts->data;
1146:   PetscBool isascii, details;

1148:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1149:   PetscCall(PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer, PETSCVIEWERASCII, &isascii));
1150:   if (isascii) {
1151:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  min order %" PetscInt_FMT ", max order %" PetscInt_FMT ", current order %" PetscInt_FMT "\n", gl->min_order, gl->max_order, gl->schemes[gl->current_scheme]->p));
1152:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  Error estimation: %s\n", TSGLLEErrorDirections[gl->error_direction]));
1153:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  Extrapolation: %s\n", gl->extrapolate ? "yes" : "no"));
1154:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  Acceptance test: %s\n", gl->accept_name[0] ? gl->accept_name : "(not yet set)"));
1155:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
1156:     PetscCall(TSGLLEAdaptView(gl->adapt, viewer));
1157:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
1158:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "  type: %s\n", gl->type_name[0] ? gl->type_name : "(not yet set)"));
1159:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Schemes within family (%" PetscInt_FMT "):\n", gl->nschemes));
1160:     details = PETSC_FALSE;
1161:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetBool(((PetscObject)ts)->options, ((PetscObject)ts)->prefix, "-ts_gl_view_detailed", &details, NULL));
1162:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
1163:     for (PetscInt i = 0; i < gl->nschemes; i++) PetscCall(TSGLLESchemeView(gl->schemes[i], details, viewer));
1164:     if (gl->View) PetscCall((*gl->View)(gl, viewer));
1165:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
1166:   }
1167:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1168: }

1170: /*@C
1171:   TSGLLERegister -  adds a `TSGLLE` implementation

1173:   Not Collective, No Fortran Support

1175:   Input Parameters:
1176: + sname    - name of user-defined general linear scheme
1177: - function - routine to create method context

1179:   Level: advanced

1181:   Note:
1182:   `TSGLLERegister()` may be called multiple times to add several user-defined families.

1184:   Example Usage:
1185: .vb
1186:   TSGLLERegister("my_scheme", MySchemeCreate);
1187: .ve

1189:   Then, your scheme can be chosen with the procedural interface via
1190: .vb
1191:   TSGLLESetType(ts, "my_scheme")
1192: .ve
1193:   or at runtime via the option
1194: .vb
1195:   -ts_gl_type my_scheme
1196: .ve

1198: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLEType`, `TSGLLERegisterAll()`, `TSGLLESetType()`
1199: @*/
1200: PetscErrorCode TSGLLERegister(const char sname[], PetscErrorCode (*function)(TS))
1201: {
1202:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1203:   PetscCall(TSGLLEInitializePackage());
1204:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListAdd(&TSGLLEList, sname, function));
1205:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1206: }

1208: /*@C
1209:   TSGLLEAcceptRegister -  adds a `TSGLLE` acceptance scheme

1211:   Not Collective

1213:   Input Parameters:
1214: + sname    - name of user-defined acceptance scheme
1215: - function - routine to create method context, see `TSGLLEAcceptFn` for the calling sequence

1217:   Level: advanced

1219:   Note:
1220:   `TSGLLEAcceptRegister()` may be called multiple times to add several user-defined families.

1222:   Example Usage:
1223: .vb
1224:   TSGLLEAcceptRegister("my_scheme", MySchemeCreate);
1225: .ve

1227:   Then, your scheme can be chosen with the procedural interface via
1228: .vb
1229:   TSGLLESetAcceptType(ts, "my_scheme")
1230: .ve
1231:   or at runtime via the option `-ts_gl_accept_type my_scheme`

1233: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLEType`, `TSGLLERegisterAll()`, `TSGLLEAcceptFn`
1234: @*/
1235: PetscErrorCode TSGLLEAcceptRegister(const char sname[], TSGLLEAcceptFn *function)
1236: {
1237:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1238:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListAdd(&TSGLLEAcceptList, sname, function));
1239:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1240: }

1242: /*@C
1243:   TSGLLERegisterAll - Registers all of the general linear methods in `TSGLLE`

1245:   Not Collective

1247:   Level: advanced

1249: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TSGLLE`, `TSGLLERegisterDestroy()`
1250: @*/
1251: PetscErrorCode TSGLLERegisterAll(void)
1252: {
1253:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1254:   if (TSGLLERegisterAllCalled) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1255:   TSGLLERegisterAllCalled = PETSC_TRUE;

1257:   PetscCall(TSGLLERegister(TSGLLE_IRKS, TSGLLECreate_IRKS));
1258:   PetscCall(TSGLLEAcceptRegister(TSGLLEACCEPT_ALWAYS, TSGLLEAccept_Always));
1259:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1260: }

1262: /*@C
1263:   TSGLLEInitializePackage - This function initializes everything in the `TSGLLE` package. It is called
1264:   from `TSInitializePackage()`.

1266:   Level: developer

1268: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `PetscInitialize()`, `TSInitializePackage()`, `TSGLLEFinalizePackage()`
1269: @*/
1270: PetscErrorCode TSGLLEInitializePackage(void)
1271: {
1272:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1273:   if (TSGLLEPackageInitialized) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1274:   TSGLLEPackageInitialized = PETSC_TRUE;
1275:   PetscCall(TSGLLERegisterAll());
1276:   PetscCall(PetscRegisterFinalize(TSGLLEFinalizePackage));
1277:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1278: }

1280: /*@C
1281:   TSGLLEFinalizePackage - This function destroys everything in the `TSGLLE` package. It is
1282:   called from `PetscFinalize()`.

1284:   Level: developer

1286: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `PetscFinalize()`, `TSGLLEInitializePackage()`, `TSInitializePackage()`
1287: @*/
1288: PetscErrorCode TSGLLEFinalizePackage(void)
1289: {
1290:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1291:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListDestroy(&TSGLLEList));
1292:   PetscCall(PetscFunctionListDestroy(&TSGLLEAcceptList));
1293:   TSGLLEPackageInitialized = PETSC_FALSE;
1294:   TSGLLERegisterAllCalled  = PETSC_FALSE;
1295:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1296: }

1298: /*MC
1299:   TSGLLE - DAE solver using implicit General Linear methods {cite}`butcher_2007` {cite}`butcher2016numerical`

1301:   Options Database Keys:
1302: +  -ts_gl_type (irks)                               - the class of general linear method
1303: .  -ts_gl_rtol tol                                  - relative error
1304: .  -ts_gl_atol tol                                  - absolute error
1305: .  -ts_gl_min_order p                               - minimum order method to consider (default=1)
1306: .  -ts_gl_max_order p                               - maximum order method to consider (default=3)
1307: .  -ts_gl_start_order p                             - order of starting method (default=1)
1308: .  -ts_gl_complete (rescale|rescale-and-modify)     - method to use for completing the step (rescale-and-modify or rescale)
1309: -  -ts_adapt_type (basic|dsp|none|cfl|glee|history) - adaptive controller to use (none step both)

1311:   Level: beginner

1313:   Notes:
1314:   These methods contain Runge-Kutta and multistep schemes as special cases. These special cases
1315:   have some fundamental limitations. For example, diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta cannot have
1316:   stage order greater than 1 which limits their applicability to very stiff systems.
1317:   Meanwhile, multistep methods cannot be A-stable for order greater than 2 and BDF are not
1318:   0-stable for order greater than 6. GL methods can be A- and L-stable with arbitrarily high
1319:   stage order and reliable error estimates for both 1 and 2 orders higher to facilitate
1320:   adaptive step sizes and adaptive order schemes. All this is possible while preserving a
1321:   singly diagonally implicit structure.

1323:   This integrator can be applied to DAE.

1325:   Diagonally implicit general linear (DIGL) methods are a generalization of diagonally implicit
1326:   Runge-Kutta (DIRK). They are represented by the tableau

1328: .vb
1329:   A  |  U
1330:   -------
1331:   B  |  V
1332: .ve

1334:   combined with a vector c of abscissa. "Diagonally implicit" means that $A$ is lower
1335:   triangular. A step of the general method reads

1337:   $$
1338:   \begin{align*}
1339:   [ Y ] = [A  U] [  Y'   ] \\
1340:   [X^k] = [B  V] [X^{k-1}]
1341:   \end{align*}
1342:   $$

1344:   where Y is the multivector of stage values, $Y'$ is the multivector of stage derivatives, $X^k$
1345:   is the Nordsieck vector of the solution at step $k$. The Nordsieck vector consists of the first
1346:   $r$ moments of the solution, given by

1348:   $$
1349:   X = [x_0,x_1,...,x_{r-1}] = [x, h x', h^2 x'', ..., h^{r-1} x^{(r-1)} ]
1350:   $$

1352:   If $A$ is lower triangular, we can solve the stages $(Y, Y')$ sequentially

1354:   $$
1355:   y_i = h \sum_{j=0}^{s-1} (a_{ij} y'_j) + \sum_{j=0}^{r-1} u_{ij} x_j, \, \,   i=0,...,{s-1}
1356:   $$

1358:   and then construct the pieces to carry to the next step

1360:   $$
1361:   xx_i = h \sum_{j=0}^{s-1} b_{ij} y'_j  + \sum_{j=0}^{r-1} v_{ij} x_j,  \, \,  i=0,...,{r-1}
1362:   $$

1364:   Note that when the equations are cast in implicit form, we are using the stage equation to
1365:   define $y'_i$ in terms of $y_i$ and known stuff ($y_j$ for $j<i$ and $x_j$ for all $j$).

1367:   Error estimation

1369:   At present, the most attractive GL methods for stiff problems are singly diagonally implicit
1370:   schemes which posses Inherent Runge-Kutta Stability (`TSIRKS`).  These methods have $r=s$, the
1371:   number of items passed between steps is equal to the number of stages.  The order and
1372:   stage-order are one less than the number of stages.  We use the error estimates in the 2007
1373:   paper which provide the following estimates

1375:   $$
1376:   \begin{align*}
1377:   h^{p+1} X^{(p+1)}          = \phi_0^T Y' + [0 \psi_0^T] Xold \\
1378:   h^{p+2} X^{(p+2)}          = \phi_1^T Y' + [0 \psi_1^T] Xold \\
1379:   h^{p+2} (dx'/dx) X^{(p+1)} = \phi_2^T Y' + [0 \psi_2^T] Xold
1380:   \end{align*}
1381:   $$

1383:   These estimates are accurate to $ O(h^{p+3})$.

1385:   Changing the step size

1387:   Uses the generalized "rescale and modify" scheme, see equation (4.5) of {cite}`butcher_2007`.

1389: .seealso: [](ch_ts), `TSCreate()`, `TS`, `TSSetType()`, `TSType`, `TSGLLEType`, `TSGLLESetType()`, `TSGLLESetAcceptType()`, `TSGLLEGetAdapt()`
1390: M*/
1391: PETSC_EXTERN PetscErrorCode TSCreate_GLLE(TS ts)
1392: {
1393:   TS_GLLE *gl;

1395:   PetscFunctionBegin;
1396:   PetscCall(TSGLLEInitializePackage());

1398:   PetscCall(PetscNew(&gl));
1399:   ts->data = (void *)gl;

1401:   ts->ops->reset          = TSReset_GLLE;
1402:   ts->ops->destroy        = TSDestroy_GLLE;
1403:   ts->ops->view           = TSView_GLLE;
1404:   ts->ops->setup          = TSSetUp_GLLE;
1405:   ts->ops->solve          = TSSolve_GLLE;
1406:   ts->ops->setfromoptions = TSSetFromOptions_GLLE;
1407:   ts->ops->snesfunction   = SNESTSFormFunction_GLLE;
1408:   ts->ops->snesjacobian   = SNESTSFormJacobian_GLLE;

1410:   ts->usessnes = PETSC_TRUE;

1412:   gl->max_step_rejections = 1;
1413:   gl->min_order           = 1;
1414:   gl->max_order           = 3;
1415:   gl->start_order         = 1;
1416:   gl->current_scheme      = -1;
1417:   gl->extrapolate         = PETSC_FALSE;

1419:   gl->wrms_atol = 1e-8;
1420:   gl->wrms_rtol = 1e-5;

1422:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLESetType_C", &TSGLLESetType_GLLE));
1423:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLESetAcceptType_C", &TSGLLESetAcceptType_GLLE));
1424:   PetscCall(PetscObjectComposeFunction((PetscObject)ts, "TSGLLEGetAdapt_C", &TSGLLEGetAdapt_GLLE));
1425:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1426: }