Actual source code: ex14.c

  1: static const char help[] = "Toy hydrostatic ice flow with multigrid in 3D.\n\
  2: \n\
  3: Solves the hydrostatic (aka Blatter/Pattyn/First Order) equations for ice sheet flow\n\
  4: using multigrid.  The ice uses a power-law rheology with \"Glen\" exponent 3 (corresponds\n\
  5: to p=4/3 in a p-Laplacian).  The focus is on ISMIP-HOM experiments which assume periodic\n\
  6: boundary conditions in the x- and y-directions.\n\
  7: \n\
  8: Equations are rescaled so that the domain size and solution are O(1), details of this scaling\n\
  9: can be controlled by the options -units_meter, -units_second, and -units_kilogram.\n\
 10: \n\
 11: A VTK StructuredGrid output file can be written using the option -o filename.vts\n\
 12: \n\n";

 14: /*
 15: The equations for horizontal velocity (u,v) are

 17:   - [eta (4 u_x + 2 v_y)]_x - [eta (u_y + v_x)]_y - [eta u_z]_z + rho g s_x = 0
 18:   - [eta (4 v_y + 2 u_x)]_y - [eta (u_y + v_x)]_x - [eta v_z]_z + rho g s_y = 0

 20: where

 22:   eta = B/2 (epsilon + gamma)^((p-2)/2)

 24: is the nonlinear effective viscosity with regularization epsilon and hardness parameter B,
 25: written in terms of the second invariant

 27:   gamma = u_x^2 + v_y^2 + u_x v_y + (1/4) (u_y + v_x)^2 + (1/4) u_z^2 + (1/4) v_z^2

 29: The surface boundary conditions are the natural conditions.  The basal boundary conditions
 30: are either no-slip, or Navier (linear) slip with spatially variant friction coefficient beta^2.

 32: In the code, the equations for (u,v) are multiplied through by 1/(rho g) so that residuals are O(1).

 34: The discretization is Q1 finite elements, managed by a DMDA.  The grid is never distorted in the
 35: map (x,y) plane, but the bed and surface may be bumpy.  This is handled as usual in FEM, through
 36: the Jacobian of the coordinate transformation from a reference element to the physical element.

 38: Since ice-flow is tightly coupled in the z-direction (within columns), the DMDA is managed
 39: specially so that columns are never distributed, and are always contiguous in memory.
 40: This amounts to reversing the meaning of X,Y,Z compared to the DMDA's internal interpretation,
 41: and then indexing as vec[i][j][k].  The exotic coarse spaces require 2D DMDAs which are made to
 42: use compatible domain decomposition relative to the 3D DMDAs.

 44: */

 46: #include <petscts.h>
 47: #include <petscdm.h>
 48: #include <petscdmda.h>
 49: #include <petscdmcomposite.h>
 50: #include <ctype.h> /* toupper() */
 51: #include <petsc/private/petscimpl.h>

 53: #if defined(__SSE2__)
 54:   #include <emmintrin.h>
 55: #endif

 57: /* The SSE2 kernels are only for PetscScalar=double on architectures that support it */
 58: #define USE_SSE2_KERNELS (!defined NO_SSE2 && !defined PETSC_USE_COMPLEX && !defined PETSC_USE_REAL_SINGLE && defined __SSE2__)

 61:   #if defined(__cplusplus) /* C++ restrict is nonstandard and compilers have inconsistent rules about where it can be used */
 62:     #define restrict
 63:   #else
 64:     #define restrict PETSC_RESTRICT
 65:   #endif
 66: #endif

 68: static PetscClassId THI_CLASSID;

 70: typedef enum {
 71:   QUAD_GAUSS,
 72:   QUAD_LOBATTO
 73: } QuadratureType;
 74: static const char     *QuadratureTypes[] = {"gauss", "lobatto", "QuadratureType", "QUAD_", 0};
 75: static const PetscReal HexQWeights[8]    = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};
 76: static const PetscReal HexQNodes[]       = {-0.57735026918962573, 0.57735026918962573};
 77: #define G 0.57735026918962573
 78: #define H (0.5 * (1. + G))
 79: #define L (0.5 * (1. - G))
 80: #define M (-0.5)
 81: #define P (0.5)
 82: /* Special quadrature: Lobatto in horizontal, Gauss in vertical */
 83: static const PetscReal HexQInterp_Lobatto[8][8] = {
 84:   {H, 0, 0, 0, L, 0, 0, 0},
 85:   {0, H, 0, 0, 0, L, 0, 0},
 86:   {0, 0, H, 0, 0, 0, L, 0},
 87:   {0, 0, 0, H, 0, 0, 0, L},
 88:   {L, 0, 0, 0, H, 0, 0, 0},
 89:   {0, L, 0, 0, 0, H, 0, 0},
 90:   {0, 0, L, 0, 0, 0, H, 0},
 91:   {0, 0, 0, L, 0, 0, 0, H}
 92: };
 93: static const PetscReal HexQDeriv_Lobatto[8][8][3] = {
 94:   {{M * H, M * H, M}, {P * H, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, P * H, 0},     {M * L, M * L, P}, {P * L, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, P * L, 0}    },
 95:   {{M * H, 0, 0},     {P * H, M * H, M}, {0, P * H, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {M * L, 0, 0},     {P * L, M * L, P}, {0, P * L, 0},     {0, 0, 0}        },
 96:   {{0, 0, 0},         {0, M * H, 0},     {P * H, P * H, M}, {M * H, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, M * L, 0},     {P * L, P * L, P}, {M * L, 0, 0}    },
 97:   {{0, M * H, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {P * H, 0, 0},     {M * H, P * H, M}, {0, M * L, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {P * L, 0, 0},     {M * L, P * L, P}},
 98:   {{M * L, M * L, M}, {P * L, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, P * L, 0},     {M * H, M * H, P}, {P * H, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, P * H, 0}    },
 99:   {{M * L, 0, 0},     {P * L, M * L, M}, {0, P * L, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {M * H, 0, 0},     {P * H, M * H, P}, {0, P * H, 0},     {0, 0, 0}        },
100:   {{0, 0, 0},         {0, M * L, 0},     {P * L, P * L, M}, {M * L, 0, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {0, M * H, 0},     {P * H, P * H, P}, {M * H, 0, 0}    },
101:   {{0, M * L, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {P * L, 0, 0},     {M * L, P * L, M}, {0, M * H, 0},     {0, 0, 0},         {P * H, 0, 0},     {M * H, P * H, P}}
102: };
103: /* Standard Gauss */
104: static const PetscReal HexQInterp_Gauss[8][8] = {
105:   {H * H * H, L * H * H, L * L * H, H * L * H, H * H * L, L * H * L, L * L * L, H * L * L},
106:   {L * H * H, H * H * H, H * L * H, L * L * H, L * H * L, H * H * L, H * L * L, L * L * L},
107:   {L * L * H, H * L * H, H * H * H, L * H * H, L * L * L, H * L * L, H * H * L, L * H * L},
108:   {H * L * H, L * L * H, L * H * H, H * H * H, H * L * L, L * L * L, L * H * L, H * H * L},
109:   {H * H * L, L * H * L, L * L * L, H * L * L, H * H * H, L * H * H, L * L * H, H * L * H},
110:   {L * H * L, H * H * L, H * L * L, L * L * L, L * H * H, H * H * H, H * L * H, L * L * H},
111:   {L * L * L, H * L * L, H * H * L, L * H * L, L * L * H, H * L * H, H * H * H, L * H * H},
112:   {H * L * L, L * L * L, L * H * L, H * H * L, H * L * H, L * L * H, L * H * H, H * H * H}
113: };
114: static const PetscReal HexQDeriv_Gauss[8][8][3] = {
115:   {{M * H * H, H * M * H, H * H * M}, {P * H * H, L * M * H, L * H * M}, {P * L * H, L * P * H, L * L * M}, {M * L * H, H * P * H, H * L * M}, {M * H * L, H * M * L, H * H * P}, {P * H * L, L * M * L, L * H * P}, {P * L * L, L * P * L, L * L * P}, {M * L * L, H * P * L, H * L * P}},
116:   {{M * H * H, L * M * H, L * H * M}, {P * H * H, H * M * H, H * H * M}, {P * L * H, H * P * H, H * L * M}, {M * L * H, L * P * H, L * L * M}, {M * H * L, L * M * L, L * H * P}, {P * H * L, H * M * L, H * H * P}, {P * L * L, H * P * L, H * L * P}, {M * L * L, L * P * L, L * L * P}},
117:   {{M * L * H, L * M * H, L * L * M}, {P * L * H, H * M * H, H * L * M}, {P * H * H, H * P * H, H * H * M}, {M * H * H, L * P * H, L * H * M}, {M * L * L, L * M * L, L * L * P}, {P * L * L, H * M * L, H * L * P}, {P * H * L, H * P * L, H * H * P}, {M * H * L, L * P * L, L * H * P}},
118:   {{M * L * H, H * M * H, H * L * M}, {P * L * H, L * M * H, L * L * M}, {P * H * H, L * P * H, L * H * M}, {M * H * H, H * P * H, H * H * M}, {M * L * L, H * M * L, H * L * P}, {P * L * L, L * M * L, L * L * P}, {P * H * L, L * P * L, L * H * P}, {M * H * L, H * P * L, H * H * P}},
119:   {{M * H * L, H * M * L, H * H * M}, {P * H * L, L * M * L, L * H * M}, {P * L * L, L * P * L, L * L * M}, {M * L * L, H * P * L, H * L * M}, {M * H * H, H * M * H, H * H * P}, {P * H * H, L * M * H, L * H * P}, {P * L * H, L * P * H, L * L * P}, {M * L * H, H * P * H, H * L * P}},
120:   {{M * H * L, L * M * L, L * H * M}, {P * H * L, H * M * L, H * H * M}, {P * L * L, H * P * L, H * L * M}, {M * L * L, L * P * L, L * L * M}, {M * H * H, L * M * H, L * H * P}, {P * H * H, H * M * H, H * H * P}, {P * L * H, H * P * H, H * L * P}, {M * L * H, L * P * H, L * L * P}},
121:   {{M * L * L, L * M * L, L * L * M}, {P * L * L, H * M * L, H * L * M}, {P * H * L, H * P * L, H * H * M}, {M * H * L, L * P * L, L * H * M}, {M * L * H, L * M * H, L * L * P}, {P * L * H, H * M * H, H * L * P}, {P * H * H, H * P * H, H * H * P}, {M * H * H, L * P * H, L * H * P}},
122:   {{M * L * L, H * M * L, H * L * M}, {P * L * L, L * M * L, L * L * M}, {P * H * L, L * P * L, L * H * M}, {M * H * L, H * P * L, H * H * M}, {M * L * H, H * M * H, H * L * P}, {P * L * H, L * M * H, L * L * P}, {P * H * H, L * P * H, L * H * P}, {M * H * H, H * P * H, H * H * P}}
123: };
124: static const PetscReal (*HexQInterp)[8], (*HexQDeriv)[8][3];
125: /* Standard 2x2 Gauss quadrature for the bottom layer. */
126: static const PetscReal QuadQInterp[4][4] = {
127:   {H * H, L * H, L * L, H * L},
128:   {L * H, H * H, H * L, L * L},
129:   {L * L, H * L, H * H, L * H},
130:   {H * L, L * L, L * H, H * H}
131: };
132: static const PetscReal QuadQDeriv[4][4][2] = {
133:   {{M * H, M * H}, {P * H, M * L}, {P * L, P * L}, {M * L, P * H}},
134:   {{M * H, M * L}, {P * H, M * H}, {P * L, P * H}, {M * L, P * L}},
135:   {{M * L, M * L}, {P * L, M * H}, {P * H, P * H}, {M * H, P * L}},
136:   {{M * L, M * H}, {P * L, M * L}, {P * H, P * L}, {M * H, P * H}}
137: };
138: #undef G
139: #undef H
140: #undef L
141: #undef M
142: #undef P

144: #define HexExtract(x, i, j, k, n) \
145:   do { \
146:     (n)[0] = (x)[i][j][k]; \
147:     (n)[1] = (x)[(i) + 1][j][k]; \
148:     (n)[2] = (x)[(i) + 1][(j) + 1][k]; \
149:     (n)[3] = (x)[i][(j) + 1][k]; \
150:     (n)[4] = (x)[i][j][(k) + 1]; \
151:     (n)[5] = (x)[(i) + 1][j][(k) + 1]; \
152:     (n)[6] = (x)[(i) + 1][(j) + 1][(k) + 1]; \
153:     (n)[7] = (x)[i][(j) + 1][(k) + 1]; \
154:   } while (0)

156: #define HexExtractRef(x, i, j, k, n) \
157:   do { \
158:     (n)[0] = &(x)[i][j][k]; \
159:     (n)[1] = &(x)[(i) + 1][j][k]; \
160:     (n)[2] = &(x)[(i) + 1][(j) + 1][k]; \
161:     (n)[3] = &(x)[i][(j) + 1][k]; \
162:     (n)[4] = &(x)[i][j][(k) + 1]; \
163:     (n)[5] = &(x)[(i) + 1][j][(k) + 1]; \
164:     (n)[6] = &(x)[(i) + 1][(j) + 1][(k) + 1]; \
165:     (n)[7] = &(x)[i][(j) + 1][(k) + 1]; \
166:   } while (0)

168: #define QuadExtract(x, i, j, n) \
169:   do { \
170:     (n)[0] = (x)[i][j]; \
171:     (n)[1] = (x)[(i) + 1][j]; \
172:     (n)[2] = (x)[(i) + 1][(j) + 1]; \
173:     (n)[3] = (x)[i][(j) + 1]; \
174:   } while (0)

176: static PetscScalar Sqr(PetscScalar a)
177: {
178:   return a * a;
179: }

181: static void HexGrad(const PetscReal dphi[][3], const PetscReal zn[], PetscReal dz[])
182: {
183:   PetscInt i;
184:   dz[0] = dz[1] = dz[2] = 0;
185:   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
186:     dz[0] += dphi[i][0] * zn[i];
187:     dz[1] += dphi[i][1] * zn[i];
188:     dz[2] += dphi[i][2] * zn[i];
189:   }
190: }

192: static void HexComputeGeometry(PetscInt q, PetscReal hx, PetscReal hy, const PetscReal dz[restrict], PetscReal phi[restrict], PetscReal dphi[restrict][3], PetscReal *restrict jw)
193: {
194:   const PetscReal jac[3][3] =
195:     {
196:       {hx / 2, 0,      0    },
197:       {0,      hy / 2, 0    },
198:       {dz[0],  dz[1],  dz[2]}
199:   },
200:                   ijac[3][3] = {{1 / jac[0][0], 0, 0}, {0, 1 / jac[1][1], 0}, {-jac[2][0] / (jac[0][0] * jac[2][2]), -jac[2][1] / (jac[1][1] * jac[2][2]), 1 / jac[2][2]}}, jdet = jac[0][0] * jac[1][1] * jac[2][2];
201:   PetscInt i;

203:   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
204:     const PetscReal *dphir = HexQDeriv[q][i];
205:     phi[i]                 = HexQInterp[q][i];
206:     dphi[i][0]             = dphir[0] * ijac[0][0] + dphir[1] * ijac[1][0] + dphir[2] * ijac[2][0];
207:     dphi[i][1]             = dphir[0] * ijac[0][1] + dphir[1] * ijac[1][1] + dphir[2] * ijac[2][1];
208:     dphi[i][2]             = dphir[0] * ijac[0][2] + dphir[1] * ijac[1][2] + dphir[2] * ijac[2][2];
209:   }
210:   *jw = 1.0 * jdet;
211: }

213: typedef struct _p_THI   *THI;
214: typedef struct _n_Units *Units;

216: typedef struct {
217:   PetscScalar u, v;
218: } Node;

220: typedef struct {
221:   PetscScalar b;     /* bed */
222:   PetscScalar h;     /* thickness */
223:   PetscScalar beta2; /* friction */
224: } PrmNode;

226: #define FieldSize(ntype)             ((PetscInt)(sizeof(ntype) / sizeof(PetscScalar)))
227: #define FieldOffset(ntype, member)   ((PetscInt)(offsetof(ntype, member) / sizeof(PetscScalar)))
228: #define FieldIndex(ntype, i, member) ((PetscInt)((i) * FieldSize(ntype) + FieldOffset(ntype, member)))
229: #define NODE_SIZE                    FieldSize(Node)
230: #define PRMNODE_SIZE                 FieldSize(PrmNode)

232: typedef struct {
233:   PetscReal min, max, cmin, cmax;
234: } PRange;

236: struct _p_THI {
237:   PETSCHEADER(int);
238:   void (*initialize)(THI, PetscReal x, PetscReal y, PrmNode *p);
239:   PetscInt  nlevels;
240:   PetscInt  zlevels;
241:   PetscReal Lx, Ly, Lz; /* Model domain */
242:   PetscReal alpha;      /* Bed angle */
243:   Units     units;
244:   PetscReal dirichlet_scale;
245:   PetscReal ssa_friction_scale;
246:   PetscReal inertia;
247:   PRange    eta;
248:   PRange    beta2;
249:   struct {
250:     PetscReal Bd2, eps, exponent, glen_n;
251:   } viscosity;
252:   struct {
253:     PetscReal irefgam, eps2, exponent;
254:   } friction;
255:   struct {
256:     PetscReal rate, exponent, refvel;
257:   } erosion;
258:   PetscReal rhog;
259:   PetscBool no_slip;
260:   PetscBool verbose;
261:   char     *mattype;
262:   char     *monitor_basename;
263:   PetscInt  monitor_interval;
264: };

266: struct _n_Units {
267:   /* fundamental */
268:   PetscReal meter;
269:   PetscReal kilogram;
270:   PetscReal second;
271:   /* derived */
272:   PetscReal Pascal;
273:   PetscReal year;
274: };

276: static void PrmHexGetZ(const PrmNode pn[], PetscInt k, PetscInt zm, PetscReal zn[])
277: {
278:   const PetscScalar zm1 = zm - 1, znl[8] = {pn[0].b + pn[0].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1,       pn[1].b + pn[1].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1,       pn[2].b + pn[2].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1,       pn[3].b + pn[3].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1,
279:                                             pn[0].b + pn[0].h * (PetscScalar)(k + 1) / zm1, pn[1].b + pn[1].h * (PetscScalar)(k + 1) / zm1, pn[2].b + pn[2].h * (PetscScalar)(k + 1) / zm1, pn[3].b + pn[3].h * (PetscScalar)(k + 1) / zm1};
280:   PetscInt          i;
281:   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) zn[i] = PetscRealPart(znl[i]);
282: }

284: /* Compute a gradient of all the 2D fields at four quadrature points.  Output for [quadrature_point][direction].field_name */
285: static PetscErrorCode QuadComputeGrad4(const PetscReal dphi[][4][2], PetscReal hx, PetscReal hy, const PrmNode pn[4], PrmNode dp[4][2])
286: {
287:   PetscInt q, i, f;
288:   const PetscScalar (*restrict pg)[PRMNODE_SIZE] = (const PetscScalar (*)[PRMNODE_SIZE])pn; /* Get generic array pointers to the node */
289:   PetscScalar (*restrict dpg)[2][PRMNODE_SIZE]   = (PetscScalar (*)[2][PRMNODE_SIZE])dp;

291:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
292:   PetscCall(PetscArrayzero(dpg, 4));
293:   for (q = 0; q < 4; q++) {
294:     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
295:       for (f = 0; f < PRMNODE_SIZE; f++) {
296:         dpg[q][0][f] += dphi[q][i][0] / hx * pg[i][f];
297:         dpg[q][1][f] += dphi[q][i][1] / hy * pg[i][f];
298:       }
299:     }
300:   }
301:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
302: }

304: static inline PetscReal StaggeredMidpoint2D(PetscScalar a, PetscScalar b, PetscScalar c, PetscScalar d)
305: {
306:   return 0.5 * PetscRealPart(0.75 * a + 0.75 * b + 0.25 * c + 0.25 * d);
307: }
308: static inline PetscReal UpwindFlux1D(PetscReal u, PetscReal hL, PetscReal hR)
309: {
310:   return (u > 0) ? hL * u : hR * u;
311: }

313: #define UpwindFluxXW(x3, x2, h, i, j, k, dj) \
314:   UpwindFlux1D(StaggeredMidpoint2D((x3)[i][j][k].u, (x3)[(i) - 1][j][k].u, (x3)[(i) - 1][(j) + (dj)][k].u, (x3)[i][(k) + (dj)][k].u), PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[(i) - 1][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) - 1][(j) + (dj)].h), \
315:                PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[i][(j) + (dj)].h))
316: #define UpwindFluxXE(x3, x2, h, i, j, k, dj) \
317:   UpwindFlux1D(StaggeredMidpoint2D((x3)[i][j][k].u, (x3)[(i) + 1][j][k].u, (x3)[(i) + 1][(j) + (dj)][k].u, (x3)[i][(k) + (dj)][k].u), PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[i][(j) + (dj)].h), \
318:                PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[(i) + 1][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) + 1][(j) + (dj)].h))
319: #define UpwindFluxYS(x3, x2, h, i, j, k, di) \
320:   UpwindFlux1D(StaggeredMidpoint2D((x3)[i][j][k].v, (x3)[i][(j) - 1][k].v, (x3)[(i) + (di)][(j) - 1][k].v, (x3)[(i) + (di)][j][k].v), PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][(j) - 1].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) + (di)][(j) - 1].h), \
321:                PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) + (di)][j].h))
322: #define UpwindFluxYN(x3, x2, h, i, j, k, di) \
323:   UpwindFlux1D(StaggeredMidpoint2D((x3)[i][j][k].v, (x3)[i][(j) + 1][k].v, (x3)[(i) + (di)][(j) + 1][k].v, (x3)[(i) + (di)][j][k].v), PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][j].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) + (di)][j].h), \
324:                PetscRealPart(0.75 * (x2)[i][(j) + 1].h + 0.25 * (x2)[(i) + (di)][(j) + 1].h))

326: static void PrmNodeGetFaceMeasure(const PrmNode **p, PetscInt i, PetscInt j, PetscScalar h[])
327: {
328:   /* West */
329:   h[0] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i - 1][j].h, p[i - 1][j - 1].h, p[i][j - 1].h);
330:   h[1] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i - 1][j].h, p[i - 1][j + 1].h, p[i][j + 1].h);
331:   /* East */
332:   h[2] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i + 1][j].h, p[i + 1][j + 1].h, p[i][j + 1].h);
333:   h[3] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i + 1][j].h, p[i + 1][j - 1].h, p[i][j - 1].h);
334:   /* South */
335:   h[4] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i][j - 1].h, p[i + 1][j - 1].h, p[i + 1][j].h);
336:   h[5] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i][j - 1].h, p[i - 1][j - 1].h, p[i - 1][j].h);
337:   /* North */
338:   h[6] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i][j + 1].h, p[i - 1][j + 1].h, p[i - 1][j].h);
339:   h[7] = StaggeredMidpoint2D(p[i][j].h, p[i][j + 1].h, p[i + 1][j + 1].h, p[i + 1][j].h);
340: }

342: /* Tests A and C are from the ISMIP-HOM paper (Pattyn et al. 2008) */
343: static void THIInitialize_HOM_A(THI thi, PetscReal x, PetscReal y, PrmNode *p)
344: {
345:   Units     units = thi->units;
346:   PetscReal s     = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
347:   p->b            = s - 1000 * units->meter + 500 * units->meter * PetscSinReal(x * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx) * PetscSinReal(y * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Ly);
348:   p->h            = s - p->b;
349:   p->beta2        = -1e-10; /* This value is not used, but it should not be huge because that would change the finite difference step size  */
350: }

352: static void THIInitialize_HOM_C(THI thi, PetscReal x, PetscReal y, PrmNode *p)
353: {
354:   Units     units = thi->units;
355:   PetscReal s     = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
356:   p->b            = s - 1000 * units->meter;
357:   p->h            = s - p->b;
358:   /* tau_b = beta2 v   is a stress (Pa).
359:    * This is a big number in our units (it needs to balance the driving force from the surface), so we scale it by 1/rhog, just like the residual. */
360:   p->beta2 = 1000 * (1 + PetscSinReal(x * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx) * PetscSinReal(y * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Ly)) * units->Pascal * units->year / units->meter / thi->rhog;
361: }

363: /* These are just toys */

365: /* From Fred Herman */
366: static void THIInitialize_HOM_F(THI thi, PetscReal x, PetscReal y, PrmNode *p)
367: {
368:   Units     units = thi->units;
369:   PetscReal s     = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
370:   p->b            = s - 1000 * units->meter + 100 * units->meter * PetscSinReal(x * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx); /* * sin(y*2*PETSC_PI/thi->Ly); */
371:   p->h            = s - p->b;
372:   p->h            = (1 - (atan((x - thi->Lx / 2) / 1.) + PETSC_PI / 2.) / PETSC_PI) * 500 * units->meter + 1 * units->meter;
373:   s               = PetscRealPart(p->b + p->h);
374:   p->beta2        = -1e-10;
375:   /*  p->beta2 = 1000 * units->Pascal * units->year / units->meter; */
376: }

378: /* Same bed as test A, free slip everywhere except for a discontinuous jump to a circular sticky region in the middle. */
379: static void THIInitialize_HOM_X(THI thi, PetscReal xx, PetscReal yy, PrmNode *p)
380: {
381:   Units     units = thi->units;
382:   PetscReal x = xx * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx - PETSC_PI, y = yy * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Ly - PETSC_PI; /* [-pi,pi] */
383:   PetscReal r = PetscSqrtReal(x * x + y * y), s = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
384:   p->b     = s - 1000 * units->meter + 500 * units->meter * PetscSinReal(x + PETSC_PI) * PetscSinReal(y + PETSC_PI);
385:   p->h     = s - p->b;
386:   p->beta2 = 1000 * (r < 1 ? 2 : 0) * units->Pascal * units->year / units->meter / thi->rhog;
387: }

389: /* Like Z, but with 200 meter cliffs */
390: static void THIInitialize_HOM_Y(THI thi, PetscReal xx, PetscReal yy, PrmNode *p)
391: {
392:   Units     units = thi->units;
393:   PetscReal x = xx * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx - PETSC_PI, y = yy * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Ly - PETSC_PI; /* [-pi,pi] */
394:   PetscReal r = PetscSqrtReal(x * x + y * y), s = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
395:   p->b = s - 1000 * units->meter + 500 * units->meter * PetscSinReal(x + PETSC_PI) * PetscSinReal(y + PETSC_PI);
396:   if (PetscRealPart(p->b) > -700 * units->meter) p->b += 200 * units->meter;
397:   p->h     = s - p->b;
398:   p->beta2 = 1000 * (1. + PetscSinReal(PetscSqrtReal(16 * r)) / PetscSqrtReal(1e-2 + 16 * r) * PetscCosReal(x * 3 / 2) * PetscCosReal(y * 3 / 2)) * units->Pascal * units->year / units->meter / thi->rhog;
399: }

401: /* Same bed as A, smoothly varying slipperiness, similar to MATLAB's "sombrero" (uncorrelated with bathymetry) */
402: static void THIInitialize_HOM_Z(THI thi, PetscReal xx, PetscReal yy, PrmNode *p)
403: {
404:   Units     units = thi->units;
405:   PetscReal x = xx * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Lx - PETSC_PI, y = yy * 2 * PETSC_PI / thi->Ly - PETSC_PI; /* [-pi,pi] */
406:   PetscReal r = PetscSqrtReal(x * x + y * y), s = -x * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha);
407:   p->b     = s - 1000 * units->meter + 500 * units->meter * PetscSinReal(x + PETSC_PI) * PetscSinReal(y + PETSC_PI);
408:   p->h     = s - p->b;
409:   p->beta2 = 1000 * (1. + PetscSinReal(PetscSqrtReal(16 * r)) / PetscSqrtReal(1e-2 + 16 * r) * PetscCosReal(x * 3 / 2) * PetscCosReal(y * 3 / 2)) * units->Pascal * units->year / units->meter / thi->rhog;
410: }

412: static void THIFriction(THI thi, PetscReal rbeta2, PetscReal gam, PetscReal *beta2, PetscReal *dbeta2)
413: {
414:   if (thi->friction.irefgam == 0) {
415:     Units units           = thi->units;
416:     thi->friction.irefgam = 1. / (0.5 * PetscSqr(100 * units->meter / units->year));
417:     thi->friction.eps2    = 0.5 * PetscSqr(1.e-4 / thi->friction.irefgam);
418:   }
419:   if (thi->friction.exponent == 0) {
420:     *beta2  = rbeta2;
421:     *dbeta2 = 0;
422:   } else {
423:     *beta2  = rbeta2 * PetscPowReal(thi->friction.eps2 + gam * thi->friction.irefgam, thi->friction.exponent);
424:     *dbeta2 = thi->friction.exponent * *beta2 / (thi->friction.eps2 + gam * thi->friction.irefgam) * thi->friction.irefgam;
425:   }
426: }

428: static void THIViscosity(THI thi, PetscReal gam, PetscReal *eta, PetscReal *deta)
429: {
430:   PetscReal Bd2, eps, exponent;
431:   if (thi->viscosity.Bd2 == 0) {
432:     Units           units   = thi->units;
433:     const PetscReal n       = thi->viscosity.glen_n,                                  /* Glen exponent */
434:       p                     = 1. + 1. / n,                                            /* for Stokes */
435:       A                     = 1.e-16 * PetscPowReal(units->Pascal, -n) / units->year, /* softness parameter (Pa^{-n}/s) */
436:       B                     = PetscPowReal(A, -1. / n);                               /* hardness parameter */
437:     thi->viscosity.Bd2      = B / 2;
438:     thi->viscosity.exponent = (p - 2) / 2;
439:     thi->viscosity.eps      = 0.5 * PetscSqr(1e-5 / units->year);
440:   }
441:   Bd2      = thi->viscosity.Bd2;
442:   exponent = thi->viscosity.exponent;
443:   eps      = thi->viscosity.eps;
444:   *eta     = Bd2 * PetscPowReal(eps + gam, exponent);
445:   *deta    = exponent * (*eta) / (eps + gam);
446: }

448: static void THIErosion(THI thi, const Node *vel, PetscScalar *erate, Node *derate)
449: {
450:   const PetscScalar magref2 = 1.e-10 + (PetscSqr(vel->u) + PetscSqr(vel->v)) / PetscSqr(thi->erosion.refvel), rate = -thi->erosion.rate * PetscPowScalar(magref2, 0.5 * thi->erosion.exponent);
451:   if (erate) *erate = rate;
452:   if (derate) {
453:     if (thi->erosion.exponent == 1) {
454:       derate->u = 0;
455:       derate->v = 0;
456:     } else {
457:       derate->u = 0.5 * thi->erosion.exponent * rate / magref2 * 2. * vel->u / PetscSqr(thi->erosion.refvel);
458:       derate->v = 0.5 * thi->erosion.exponent * rate / magref2 * 2. * vel->v / PetscSqr(thi->erosion.refvel);
459:     }
460:   }
461: }

463: static void RangeUpdate(PetscReal *min, PetscReal *max, PetscReal x)
464: {
465:   if (x < *min) *min = x;
466:   if (x > *max) *max = x;
467: }

469: static void PRangeClear(PRange *p)
470: {
471:   p->cmin = p->min = 1e100;
472:   p->cmax = p->max = -1e100;
473: }

475: static PetscErrorCode PRangeMinMax(PRange *p, PetscReal min, PetscReal max)
476: {
477:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
478:   p->cmin = min;
479:   p->cmax = max;
480:   if (min < p->min) p->min = min;
481:   if (max > p->max) p->max = max;
482:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
483: }

485: static PetscErrorCode THIDestroy(THI *thi)
486: {
487:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
488:   if (--((PetscObject)*thi)->refct > 0) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
489:   PetscCall(PetscFree((*thi)->units));
490:   PetscCall(PetscFree((*thi)->mattype));
491:   PetscCall(PetscFree((*thi)->monitor_basename));
492:   PetscCall(PetscHeaderDestroy(thi));
493:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
494: }

496: static PetscErrorCode THICreate(MPI_Comm comm, THI *inthi)
497: {
498:   static PetscBool registered = PETSC_FALSE;
499:   THI              thi;
500:   Units            units;
501:   char             monitor_basename[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "thi-";

503:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
504:   *inthi = 0;
505:   if (!registered) {
506:     PetscCall(PetscClassIdRegister("Toy Hydrostatic Ice", &THI_CLASSID));
507:     registered = PETSC_TRUE;
508:   }
509:   PetscCall(PetscHeaderCreate(thi, THI_CLASSID, "THI", "Toy Hydrostatic Ice", "THI", comm, THIDestroy, 0));

511:   PetscCall(PetscNew(&thi->units));

513:   units           = thi->units;
514:   units->meter    = 1e-2;
515:   units->second   = 1e-7;
516:   units->kilogram = 1e-12;

518:   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "Scaled units options", "");
519:   {
520:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-units_meter", "1 meter in scaled length units", "", units->meter, &units->meter, NULL));
521:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-units_second", "1 second in scaled time units", "", units->second, &units->second, NULL));
522:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-units_kilogram", "1 kilogram in scaled mass units", "", units->kilogram, &units->kilogram, NULL));
523:   }
524:   PetscOptionsEnd();
525:   units->Pascal = units->kilogram / (units->meter * PetscSqr(units->second));
526:   units->year   = 31556926. * units->second, /* seconds per year */

528:     thi->Lx            = 10.e3;
529:   thi->Ly              = 10.e3;
530:   thi->Lz              = 1000;
531:   thi->nlevels         = 1;
532:   thi->dirichlet_scale = 1;
533:   thi->verbose         = PETSC_FALSE;

535:   thi->viscosity.glen_n = 3.;
536:   thi->erosion.rate     = 1e-3; /* m/a */
537:   thi->erosion.exponent = 1.;
538:   thi->erosion.refvel   = 1.; /* m/a */

540:   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "Toy Hydrostatic Ice options", "");
541:   {
542:     QuadratureType quad       = QUAD_GAUSS;
543:     char           homexp[]   = "A";
544:     char           mtype[256] = MATSBAIJ;
545:     PetscReal      L, m = 1.0;
546:     PetscBool      flg;
547:     L = thi->Lx;
548:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_L", "Domain size (m)", "", L, &L, &flg));
549:     if (flg) thi->Lx = thi->Ly = L;
550:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_Lx", "X Domain size (m)", "", thi->Lx, &thi->Lx, NULL));
551:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_Ly", "Y Domain size (m)", "", thi->Ly, &thi->Ly, NULL));
552:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_Lz", "Z Domain size (m)", "", thi->Lz, &thi->Lz, NULL));
553:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-thi_hom", "ISMIP-HOM experiment (A or C)", "", homexp, homexp, sizeof(homexp), NULL));
554:     switch (homexp[0] = toupper(homexp[0])) {
555:     case 'A':
556:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_A;
557:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_TRUE;
558:       thi->alpha      = 0.5;
559:       break;
560:     case 'C':
561:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_C;
562:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_FALSE;
563:       thi->alpha      = 0.1;
564:       break;
565:     case 'F':
566:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_F;
567:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_FALSE;
568:       thi->alpha      = 0.5;
569:       break;
570:     case 'X':
571:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_X;
572:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_FALSE;
573:       thi->alpha      = 0.3;
574:       break;
575:     case 'Y':
576:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_Y;
577:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_FALSE;
578:       thi->alpha      = 0.5;
579:       break;
580:     case 'Z':
581:       thi->initialize = THIInitialize_HOM_Z;
582:       thi->no_slip    = PETSC_FALSE;
583:       thi->alpha      = 0.5;
584:       break;
585:     default:
586:       SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "HOM experiment '%c' not implemented", homexp[0]);
587:     }
588:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsEnum("-thi_quadrature", "Quadrature to use for 3D elements", "", QuadratureTypes, (PetscEnum)quad, (PetscEnum *)&quad, NULL));
589:     switch (quad) {
590:     case QUAD_GAUSS:
591:       HexQInterp = HexQInterp_Gauss;
592:       HexQDeriv  = HexQDeriv_Gauss;
593:       break;
594:     case QUAD_LOBATTO:
595:       HexQInterp = HexQInterp_Lobatto;
596:       HexQDeriv  = HexQDeriv_Lobatto;
597:       break;
598:     }
599:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_alpha", "Bed angle (degrees)", "", thi->alpha, &thi->alpha, NULL));
600:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_viscosity_glen_n", "Exponent in Glen flow law, 1=linear, infty=ideal plastic", NULL, thi->viscosity.glen_n, &thi->viscosity.glen_n, NULL));
601:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_friction_m", "Friction exponent, 0=Coulomb, 1=Navier", "", m, &m, NULL));
602:     thi->friction.exponent = (m - 1) / 2;
603:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_erosion_rate", "Rate of erosion relative to sliding velocity at reference velocity (m/a)", NULL, thi->erosion.rate, &thi->erosion.rate, NULL));
604:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_erosion_exponent", "Power of sliding velocity appearing in erosion relation", NULL, thi->erosion.exponent, &thi->erosion.exponent, NULL));
605:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_erosion_refvel", "Reference sliding velocity for erosion (m/a)", NULL, thi->erosion.refvel, &thi->erosion.refvel, NULL));
606:     thi->erosion.rate *= units->meter / units->year;
607:     thi->erosion.refvel *= units->meter / units->year;
608:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_dirichlet_scale", "Scale Dirichlet boundary conditions by this factor", "", thi->dirichlet_scale, &thi->dirichlet_scale, NULL));
609:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_ssa_friction_scale", "Scale slip boundary conditions by this factor in SSA (2D) assembly", "", thi->ssa_friction_scale, &thi->ssa_friction_scale, NULL));
610:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-thi_inertia", "Coefficient of acceleration term in velocity system, physical is almost zero", NULL, thi->inertia, &thi->inertia, NULL));
611:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-thi_nlevels", "Number of levels of refinement", "", thi->nlevels, &thi->nlevels, NULL));
612:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsFList("-thi_mat_type", "Matrix type", "MatSetType", MatList, mtype, (char *)mtype, sizeof(mtype), NULL));
613:     PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(mtype, &thi->mattype));
614:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsBool("-thi_verbose", "Enable verbose output (like matrix sizes and statistics)", "", thi->verbose, &thi->verbose, NULL));
615:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsString("-thi_monitor", "Basename to write state files to", NULL, monitor_basename, monitor_basename, sizeof(monitor_basename), &flg));
616:     if (flg) {
617:       PetscCall(PetscStrallocpy(monitor_basename, &thi->monitor_basename));
618:       thi->monitor_interval = 1;
619:       PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-thi_monitor_interval", "Frequency at which to write state files", NULL, thi->monitor_interval, &thi->monitor_interval, NULL));
620:     }
621:   }
622:   PetscOptionsEnd();

624:   /* dimensionalize */
625:   thi->Lx *= units->meter;
626:   thi->Ly *= units->meter;
627:   thi->Lz *= units->meter;
628:   thi->alpha *= PETSC_PI / 180;

630:   PRangeClear(&thi->eta);
631:   PRangeClear(&thi->beta2);

633:   {
634:     PetscReal u = 1000 * units->meter / (3e7 * units->second), gradu = u / (100 * units->meter), eta, deta, rho = 910 * units->kilogram / PetscPowRealInt(units->meter, 3), grav = 9.81 * units->meter / PetscSqr(units->second),
635:               driving = rho * grav * PetscSinReal(thi->alpha) * 1000 * units->meter;
636:     THIViscosity(thi, 0.5 * gradu * gradu, &eta, &deta);
637:     thi->rhog = rho * grav;
638:     if (thi->verbose) {
639:       PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), "Units: meter %8.2g  second %8.2g  kg %8.2g  Pa %8.2g\n", (double)units->meter, (double)units->second, (double)units->kilogram, (double)units->Pascal));
640:       PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), "Domain (%6.2g,%6.2g,%6.2g), pressure %8.2g, driving stress %8.2g\n", (double)thi->Lx, (double)thi->Ly, (double)thi->Lz, (double)(rho * grav * 1e3 * units->meter), (double)driving));
641:       PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), "Large velocity 1km/a %8.2g, velocity gradient %8.2g, eta %8.2g, stress %8.2g, ratio %8.2g\n", (double)u, (double)gradu, (double)eta, (double)(2 * eta * gradu, 2 * eta * gradu / driving)));
642:       THIViscosity(thi, 0.5 * PetscSqr(1e-3 * gradu), &eta, &deta);
643:       PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), "Small velocity 1m/a  %8.2g, velocity gradient %8.2g, eta %8.2g, stress %8.2g, ratio %8.2g\n", (double)(1e-3 * u), (double)(1e-3 * gradu), (double)eta, (double)(2 * eta * 1e-3 * gradu, 2 * eta * 1e-3 * gradu / driving)));
644:     }
645:   }

647:   *inthi = thi;
648:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
649: }

651: /* Our problem is periodic, but the domain has a mean slope of alpha so the bed does not line up between the upstream
652:  * and downstream ends of the domain.  This function fixes the ghost values so that the domain appears truly periodic in
653:  * the horizontal. */
654: static PetscErrorCode THIFixGhosts(THI thi, DM da3, DM da2, Vec X3, Vec X2)
655: {
656:   DMDALocalInfo info;
657:   PrmNode     **x2;
658:   PetscInt      i, j;

660:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
661:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(da3, &info));
662:   /* PetscCall(VecView(X2,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD)); */
663:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, X2, &x2));
664:   for (i = info.gzs; i < info.gzs + info.gzm; i++) {
665:     if (i > -1 && i < info.mz) continue;
666:     for (j = info.gys; j < info.gys + info.gym; j++) x2[i][j].b += PetscSinReal(thi->alpha) * thi->Lx * (i < 0 ? 1.0 : -1.0);
667:   }
668:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, X2, &x2));
669:   /* PetscCall(VecView(X2,PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD)); */
670:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
671: }

673: static PetscErrorCode THIInitializePrm(THI thi, DM da2prm, PrmNode **p)
674: {
675:   PetscInt i, j, xs, xm, ys, ym, mx, my;

677:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
678:   PetscCall(DMDAGetGhostCorners(da2prm, &ys, &xs, 0, &ym, &xm, 0));
679:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da2prm, 0, &my, &mx, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
680:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
681:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
682:       PetscReal xx = thi->Lx * i / mx, yy = thi->Ly * j / my;
683:       thi->initialize(thi, xx, yy, &p[i][j]);
684:     }
685:   }
686:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
687: }

689: static PetscErrorCode THIInitial(THI thi, DM pack, Vec X)
690: {
691:   DM        da3, da2;
692:   PetscInt  i, j, k, xs, xm, ys, ym, zs, zm, mx, my;
693:   PetscReal hx, hy;
694:   PrmNode **prm;
695:   Node   ***x;
696:   Vec       X3g, X2g, X2;

698:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
699:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
700:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetAccess(pack, X, &X3g, &X2g));
701:   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(da2, &X2));

703:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da3, 0, 0, &my, &mx, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
704:   PetscCall(DMDAGetCorners(da3, &zs, &ys, &xs, &zm, &ym, &xm));
705:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, X3g, &x));
706:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, X2, &prm));

708:   PetscCall(THIInitializePrm(thi, da2, prm));

710:   hx = thi->Lx / mx;
711:   hy = thi->Ly / my;
712:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
713:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
714:       for (k = zs; k < zs + zm; k++) {
715:         const PetscScalar zm1 = zm - 1, drivingx = thi->rhog * (prm[i + 1][j].b + prm[i + 1][j].h - prm[i - 1][j].b - prm[i - 1][j].h) / (2 * hx), drivingy = thi->rhog * (prm[i][j + 1].b + prm[i][j + 1].h - prm[i][j - 1].b - prm[i][j - 1].h) / (2 * hy);
716:         x[i][j][k].u = 0. * drivingx * prm[i][j].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1;
717:         x[i][j][k].v = 0. * drivingy * prm[i][j].h * (PetscScalar)k / zm1;
718:       }
719:     }
720:   }

722:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, X3g, &x));
723:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, X2, &prm));

725:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(da2, X2, INSERT_VALUES, X2g));
726:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(da2, X2, INSERT_VALUES, X2g));
727:   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(da2, &X2));

729:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreAccess(pack, X, &X3g, &X2g));
730:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
731: }

733: static void PointwiseNonlinearity(THI thi, const Node n[restrict 8], const PetscReal phi[restrict 3], PetscReal dphi[restrict 8][3], PetscScalar *restrict u, PetscScalar *restrict v, PetscScalar du[restrict 3], PetscScalar dv[restrict 3], PetscReal *eta, PetscReal *deta)
734: {
735:   PetscInt    l;
736:   PetscScalar gam;

738:   du[0] = du[1] = du[2] = 0;
739:   dv[0] = dv[1] = dv[2] = 0;
740:   *u                    = 0;
741:   *v                    = 0;
742:   for (l = 0; l < 8; l++) {
743:     *u += phi[l] * n[l].u;
744:     *v += phi[l] * n[l].v;
745:     for (PetscInt ll = 0; ll < 3; ll++) {
746:       du[ll] += dphi[l][ll] * n[l].u;
747:       dv[ll] += dphi[l][ll] * n[l].v;
748:     }
749:   }
750:   gam = Sqr(du[0]) + Sqr(dv[1]) + du[0] * dv[1] + 0.25 * Sqr(du[1] + dv[0]) + 0.25 * Sqr(du[2]) + 0.25 * Sqr(dv[2]);
751:   THIViscosity(thi, PetscRealPart(gam), eta, deta);
752: }

754: static PetscErrorCode THIFunctionLocal_3D(DMDALocalInfo *info, const Node ***x, const PrmNode **prm, const Node ***xdot, Node ***f, THI thi)
755: {
756:   PetscInt  xs, ys, xm, ym, zm, i, j, k, q, l;
757:   PetscReal hx, hy, etamin, etamax, beta2min, beta2max;

759:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
760:   xs = info->zs;
761:   ys = info->ys;
762:   xm = info->zm;
763:   ym = info->ym;
764:   zm = info->xm;
765:   hx = thi->Lx / info->mz;
766:   hy = thi->Ly / info->my;

768:   etamin   = 1e100;
769:   etamax   = 0;
770:   beta2min = 1e100;
771:   beta2max = 0;

773:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
774:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
775:       PrmNode pn[4], dpn[4][2];
776:       QuadExtract(prm, i, j, pn);
777:       PetscCall(QuadComputeGrad4(QuadQDeriv, hx, hy, pn, dpn));
778:       for (k = 0; k < zm - 1; k++) {
779:         PetscInt  ls = 0;
780:         Node      n[8], ndot[8], *fn[8];
781:         PetscReal zn[8], etabase = 0;

783:         PrmHexGetZ(pn, k, zm, zn);
784:         HexExtract(x, i, j, k, n);
785:         HexExtract(xdot, i, j, k, ndot);
786:         HexExtractRef(f, i, j, k, fn);
787:         if (thi->no_slip && k == 0) {
788:           for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) n[l].u = n[l].v = 0;
789:           /* The first 4 basis functions lie on the bottom layer, so their contribution is exactly 0, hence we can skip them */
790:           ls = 4;
791:         }
792:         for (q = 0; q < 8; q++) {
793:           PetscReal   dz[3], phi[8], dphi[8][3], jw, eta, deta;
794:           PetscScalar du[3], dv[3], u, v, udot = 0, vdot = 0;
795:           for (l = ls; l < 8; l++) {
796:             udot += HexQInterp[q][l] * ndot[l].u;
797:             vdot += HexQInterp[q][l] * ndot[l].v;
798:           }
799:           HexGrad(HexQDeriv[q], zn, dz);
800:           HexComputeGeometry(q, hx, hy, dz, phi, dphi, &jw);
801:           PointwiseNonlinearity(thi, n, phi, dphi, &u, &v, du, dv, &eta, &deta);
802:           jw /= thi->rhog; /* scales residuals to be O(1) */
803:           if (q == 0) etabase = eta;
804:           RangeUpdate(&etamin, &etamax, eta);
805:           for (l = ls; l < 8; l++) { /* test functions */
806:             const PetscScalar ds[2] = {dpn[q % 4][0].h + dpn[q % 4][0].b, dpn[q % 4][1].h + dpn[q % 4][1].b};
807:             const PetscReal   pp = phi[l], *dp = dphi[l];
808:             fn[l]->u += dp[0] * jw * eta * (4. * du[0] + 2. * dv[1]) + dp[1] * jw * eta * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * eta * du[2] + pp * jw * thi->rhog * ds[0];
809:             fn[l]->v += dp[1] * jw * eta * (2. * du[0] + 4. * dv[1]) + dp[0] * jw * eta * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * eta * dv[2] + pp * jw * thi->rhog * ds[1];
810:             fn[l]->u += pp * jw * udot * thi->inertia * pp;
811:             fn[l]->v += pp * jw * vdot * thi->inertia * pp;
812:           }
813:         }
814:         if (k == 0) { /* we are on a bottom face */
815:           if (thi->no_slip) {
816:             /* Note: Non-Galerkin coarse grid operators are very sensitive to the scaling of Dirichlet boundary
817:             * conditions.  After shenanigans above, etabase contains the effective viscosity at the closest quadrature
818:             * point to the bed.  We want the diagonal entry in the Dirichlet condition to have similar magnitude to the
819:             * diagonal entry corresponding to the adjacent node.  The fundamental scaling of the viscous part is in
820:             * diagu, diagv below.  This scaling is easy to recognize by considering the finite difference operator after
821:             * scaling by element size.  The no-slip Dirichlet condition is scaled by this factor, and also in the
822:             * assembled matrix (see the similar block in THIJacobianLocal).
823:             *
824:             * Note that the residual at this Dirichlet node is linear in the state at this node, but also depends
825:             * (nonlinearly in general) on the neighboring interior nodes through the local viscosity.  This will make
826:             * a matrix-free Jacobian have extra entries in the corresponding row.  We assemble only the diagonal part,
827:             * so the solution will exactly satisfy the boundary condition after the first linear iteration.
828:             */
829:             const PetscReal   hz    = PetscRealPart(pn[0].h) / (zm - 1.);
830:             const PetscScalar diagu = 2 * etabase / thi->rhog * (hx * hy / hz + hx * hz / hy + 4 * hy * hz / hx), diagv = 2 * etabase / thi->rhog * (hx * hy / hz + 4 * hx * hz / hy + hy * hz / hx);
831:             fn[0]->u = thi->dirichlet_scale * diagu * x[i][j][k].u;
832:             fn[0]->v = thi->dirichlet_scale * diagv * x[i][j][k].v;
833:           } else {                    /* Integrate over bottom face to apply boundary condition */
834:             for (q = 0; q < 4; q++) { /* We remove the explicit scaling of the residual by 1/rhog because beta2 already has that scaling to be O(1) */
835:               const PetscReal jw = 0.25 * hx * hy, *phi = QuadQInterp[q];
836:               PetscScalar     u = 0, v = 0, rbeta2 = 0;
837:               PetscReal       beta2, dbeta2;
838:               for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) {
839:                 u += phi[l] * n[l].u;
840:                 v += phi[l] * n[l].v;
841:                 rbeta2 += phi[l] * pn[l].beta2;
842:               }
843:               THIFriction(thi, PetscRealPart(rbeta2), PetscRealPart(u * u + v * v) / 2, &beta2, &dbeta2);
844:               RangeUpdate(&beta2min, &beta2max, beta2);
845:               for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) {
846:                 const PetscReal pp = phi[l];
847:                 fn[ls + l]->u += pp * jw * beta2 * u;
848:                 fn[ls + l]->v += pp * jw * beta2 * v;
849:               }
850:             }
851:           }
852:         }
853:       }
854:     }
855:   }

857:   PetscCall(PRangeMinMax(&thi->eta, etamin, etamax));
858:   PetscCall(PRangeMinMax(&thi->beta2, beta2min, beta2max));
859:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
860: }

862: static PetscErrorCode THIFunctionLocal_2D(DMDALocalInfo *info, const Node ***x, const PrmNode **prm, const PrmNode **prmdot, PrmNode **f, THI thi)
863: {
864:   PetscInt xs, ys, xm, ym, zm, i, j, k;

866:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
867:   xs = info->zs;
868:   ys = info->ys;
869:   xm = info->zm;
870:   ym = info->ym;
871:   zm = info->xm;

873:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
874:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
875:       PetscScalar div = 0, erate, h[8];
876:       PrmNodeGetFaceMeasure(prm, i, j, h);
877:       for (k = 0; k < zm; k++) {
878:         PetscScalar weight = (k == 0 || k == zm - 1) ? 0.5 / (zm - 1) : 1.0 / (zm - 1);
879:         if (0) { /* centered flux */
880:           div += (-weight * h[0] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].u, x[i - 1][j][k].u, x[i - 1][j - 1][k].u, x[i][j - 1][k].u) - weight * h[1] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].u, x[i - 1][j][k].u, x[i - 1][j + 1][k].u, x[i][j + 1][k].u) +
881:                   weight * h[2] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].u, x[i + 1][j][k].u, x[i + 1][j + 1][k].u, x[i][j + 1][k].u) + weight * h[3] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].u, x[i + 1][j][k].u, x[i + 1][j - 1][k].u, x[i][j - 1][k].u) -
882:                   weight * h[4] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].v, x[i][j - 1][k].v, x[i + 1][j - 1][k].v, x[i + 1][j][k].v) - weight * h[5] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].v, x[i][j - 1][k].v, x[i - 1][j - 1][k].v, x[i - 1][j][k].v) +
883:                   weight * h[6] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].v, x[i][j + 1][k].v, x[i - 1][j + 1][k].v, x[i - 1][j][k].v) + weight * h[7] * StaggeredMidpoint2D(x[i][j][k].v, x[i][j + 1][k].v, x[i + 1][j + 1][k].v, x[i + 1][j][k].v));
884:         } else { /* Upwind flux */
885:           div += weight * (-UpwindFluxXW(x, prm, h, i, j, k, 1) - UpwindFluxXW(x, prm, h, i, j, k, -1) + UpwindFluxXE(x, prm, h, i, j, k, 1) + UpwindFluxXE(x, prm, h, i, j, k, -1) - UpwindFluxYS(x, prm, h, i, j, k, 1) - UpwindFluxYS(x, prm, h, i, j, k, -1) + UpwindFluxYN(x, prm, h, i, j, k, 1) + UpwindFluxYN(x, prm, h, i, j, k, -1));
886:         }
887:       }
888:       /* printf("div[%d][%d] %g\n",i,j,div); */
889:       THIErosion(thi, &x[i][j][0], &erate, NULL);
890:       f[i][j].b     = prmdot[i][j].b - erate;
891:       f[i][j].h     = prmdot[i][j].h + div;
892:       f[i][j].beta2 = prmdot[i][j].beta2;
893:     }
894:   }
895:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
896: }

898: static PetscErrorCode THIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec X, Vec Xdot, Vec F, PetscCtx ctx)
899: {
900:   THI             thi = (THI)ctx;
901:   DM              pack, da3, da2;
902:   Vec             X3, X2, Xdot3, Xdot2, F3, F2, F3g, F2g;
903:   const Node   ***x3, ***xdot3;
904:   const PrmNode **x2, **xdot2;
905:   Node         ***f3;
906:   PrmNode       **f2;
907:   DMDALocalInfo   info3;

909:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
910:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &pack));
911:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
912:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(da3, &info3));
913:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetLocalVectors(pack, &X3, &X2));
914:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetLocalVectors(pack, &Xdot3, &Xdot2));
915:   PetscCall(DMCompositeScatter(pack, X, X3, X2));
916:   PetscCall(THIFixGhosts(thi, da3, da2, X3, X2));
917:   PetscCall(DMCompositeScatter(pack, Xdot, Xdot3, Xdot2));

919:   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(da3, &F3));
920:   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(da2, &F2));
921:   PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(F3));

923:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, X3, &x3));
924:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, X2, &x2));
925:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, Xdot3, &xdot3));
926:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, Xdot2, &xdot2));
927:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, F3, &f3));
928:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, F2, &f2));

930:   PetscCall(THIFunctionLocal_3D(&info3, x3, x2, xdot3, f3, thi));
931:   PetscCall(THIFunctionLocal_2D(&info3, x3, x2, xdot2, f2, thi));

933:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, X3, &x3));
934:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, X2, &x2));
935:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, Xdot3, &xdot3));
936:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, Xdot2, &xdot2));
937:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, F3, &f3));
938:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, F2, &f2));

940:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreLocalVectors(pack, &X3, &X2));
941:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreLocalVectors(pack, &Xdot3, &Xdot2));

943:   PetscCall(VecZeroEntries(F));
944:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetAccess(pack, F, &F3g, &F2g));
945:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(da3, F3, ADD_VALUES, F3g));
946:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(da3, F3, ADD_VALUES, F3g));
947:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(da2, F2, INSERT_VALUES, F2g));
948:   PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(da2, F2, INSERT_VALUES, F2g));

950:   if (thi->verbose) {
951:     PetscViewer viewer;
952:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIGetStdout(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), &viewer));
953:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "3D_Velocity residual (bs=2):\n"));
954:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
955:     PetscCall(VecView(F3, viewer));
956:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
957:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "2D_Fields residual (bs=3):\n"));
958:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPushTab(viewer));
959:     PetscCall(VecView(F2, viewer));
960:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPopTab(viewer));
961:   }

963:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreAccess(pack, F, &F3g, &F2g));

965:   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(da3, &F3));
966:   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(da2, &F2));
967:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
968: }

970: static PetscErrorCode THIMatrixStatistics(THI thi, Mat B, PetscViewer viewer)
971: {
972:   PetscReal   nrm;
973:   PetscInt    m;
974:   PetscMPIInt rank;

976:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
977:   PetscCall(MatNorm(B, NORM_FROBENIUS, &nrm));
978:   PetscCall(MatGetSize(B, &m, 0));
979:   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B), &rank));
980:   if (rank == 0) {
981:     PetscScalar val0, val2;
982:     PetscCall(MatGetValue(B, 0, 0, &val0));
983:     PetscCall(MatGetValue(B, 2, 2, &val2));
984:     PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer, "Matrix dim %8" PetscInt_FMT "  norm %8.2e, (0,0) %8.2e  (2,2) %8.2e, eta [%8.2e,%8.2e] beta2 [%8.2e,%8.2e]\n", m, (double)nrm, (double)PetscRealPart(val0), (double)PetscRealPart(val2), (double)thi->eta.cmin,
985:                                      (double)thi->eta.cmax, (double)thi->beta2.cmin, (double)thi->beta2.cmax));
986:   }
987:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
988: }

990: static PetscErrorCode THISurfaceStatistics(DM pack, Vec X, PetscReal *min, PetscReal *max, PetscReal *mean)
991: {
992:   DM          da3, da2;
993:   Vec         X3, X2;
994:   Node     ***x;
995:   PetscInt    i, j, xs, ys, zs, xm, ym, zm, mx, my, mz;
996:   PetscScalar gusum = 0.0;

998:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
999:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
1000:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));
1001:   *min  = 1e100;
1002:   *max  = -1e100;
1003:   *mean = 0;
1004:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da3, 0, &mz, &my, &mx, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
1005:   PetscCall(DMDAGetCorners(da3, &zs, &ys, &xs, &zm, &ym, &xm));
1006:   PetscCheck(zs == 0 && zm == mz, PETSC_COMM_WORLD, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Unexpected decomposition");
1007:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, X3, &x));
1008:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
1009:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
1010:       PetscReal u = PetscRealPart(x[i][j][zm - 1].u);
1011:       RangeUpdate(min, max, u);
1012:       gusum += u;
1013:     }
1014:   }
1015:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, X3, &x));
1016:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));

1018:   PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, min, 1, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MIN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)da3)));
1019:   PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, max, 1, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MAX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)da3)));
1020:   PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, &gusum, 1, MPIU_SCALAR, MPIU_SUM, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)da3)));
1021:   *mean = PetscRealPart(gusum) / (mx * my);
1022:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1023: }

1025: static PetscErrorCode THISolveStatistics(THI thi, TS ts, PetscInt coarsened, const char name[])
1026: {
1027:   MPI_Comm comm;
1028:   DM       pack;
1029:   Vec      X, X3, X2;

1031:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1032:   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)thi, &comm));
1033:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &pack));
1034:   PetscCall(TSGetSolution(ts, &X));
1035:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));
1036:   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Solution statistics after solve: %s\n", name));
1037:   {
1038:     PetscInt            its, lits;
1039:     SNESConvergedReason reason;
1040:     SNES                snes;
1041:     PetscCall(TSGetSNES(ts, &snes));
1042:     PetscCall(SNESGetIterationNumber(snes, &its));
1043:     PetscCall(SNESGetConvergedReason(snes, &reason));
1044:     PetscCall(SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(snes, &lits));
1045:     PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "%s: Number of SNES iterations = %" PetscInt_FMT ", total linear iterations = %" PetscInt_FMT "\n", SNESConvergedReasons[reason], its, lits));
1046:   }
1047:   {
1048:     PetscReal    nrm2, min[3] = {1e100, 1e100, 1e100}, max[3] = {-1e100, -1e100, -1e100};
1049:     PetscInt     i, j, m;
1050:     PetscScalar *x;
1051:     PetscCall(VecNorm(X3, NORM_2, &nrm2));
1052:     PetscCall(VecGetLocalSize(X3, &m));
1053:     PetscCall(VecGetArray(X3, &x));
1054:     for (i = 0; i < m; i += 2) {
1055:       PetscReal u = PetscRealPart(x[i]), v = PetscRealPart(x[i + 1]), c = PetscSqrtReal(u * u + v * v);
1056:       min[0] = PetscMin(u, min[0]);
1057:       min[1] = PetscMin(v, min[1]);
1058:       min[2] = PetscMin(c, min[2]);
1059:       max[0] = PetscMax(u, max[0]);
1060:       max[1] = PetscMax(v, max[1]);
1061:       max[2] = PetscMax(c, max[2]);
1062:     }
1063:     PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(X, &x));
1064:     PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, min, 3, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MIN, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi)));
1065:     PetscCallMPI(MPIU_Allreduce(MPI_IN_PLACE, max, 3, MPIU_REAL, MPIU_MAX, PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi)));
1066:     /* Dimensionalize to meters/year */
1067:     nrm2 *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1068:     for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
1069:       min[j] *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1070:       max[j] *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1071:     }
1072:     PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "|X|_2 %g   u in [%g, %g]   v in [%g, %g]   c in [%g, %g] \n", (double)nrm2, (double)min[0], (double)max[0], (double)min[1], (double)max[1], (double)min[2], (double)max[2]));
1073:     {
1074:       PetscReal umin, umax, umean;
1075:       PetscCall(THISurfaceStatistics(pack, X, &umin, &umax, &umean));
1076:       umin *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1077:       umax *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1078:       umean *= thi->units->year / thi->units->meter;
1079:       PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Surface statistics: u in [%12.6e, %12.6e] mean %12.6e\n", (double)umin, (double)umax, (double)umean));
1080:     }
1081:     /* These values stay nondimensional */
1082:     PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Global eta range   [%g, %g], converged range [%g, %g]\n", (double)thi->eta.min, (double)thi->eta.max, (double)thi->eta.cmin, (double)thi->eta.cmax));
1083:     PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "Global beta2 range [%g, %g], converged range [%g, %g]\n", (double)thi->beta2.min, (double)thi->beta2.max, (double)thi->beta2.cmin, (double)thi->beta2.cmax));
1084:   }
1085:   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(comm, "\n"));
1086:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));
1087:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1088: }

1090: static inline PetscInt DMDALocalIndex3D(DMDALocalInfo *info, PetscInt i, PetscInt j, PetscInt k)
1091: {
1092:   return ((i - info->gzs) * info->gym + (j - info->gys)) * info->gxm + (k - info->gxs);
1093: }
1094: static inline PetscInt DMDALocalIndex2D(DMDALocalInfo *info, PetscInt i, PetscInt j)
1095: {
1096:   return (i - info->gzs) * info->gym + (j - info->gys);
1097: }

1099: static PetscErrorCode THIJacobianLocal_Momentum(DMDALocalInfo *info, const Node ***x, const PrmNode **prm, Mat B, Mat Bcpl, THI thi)
1100: {
1101:   PetscInt  xs, ys, xm, ym, zm, i, j, k, q, l, ll;
1102:   PetscReal hx, hy;

1104:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1105:   xs = info->zs;
1106:   ys = info->ys;
1107:   xm = info->zm;
1108:   ym = info->ym;
1109:   zm = info->xm;
1110:   hx = thi->Lx / info->mz;
1111:   hy = thi->Ly / info->my;

1113:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
1114:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
1115:       PrmNode pn[4], dpn[4][2];
1116:       QuadExtract(prm, i, j, pn);
1117:       PetscCall(QuadComputeGrad4(QuadQDeriv, hx, hy, pn, dpn));
1118:       for (k = 0; k < zm - 1; k++) {
1119:         Node        n[8];
1120:         PetscReal   zn[8], etabase = 0;
1121:         PetscScalar Ke[8 * NODE_SIZE][8 * NODE_SIZE], Kcpl[8 * NODE_SIZE][4 * PRMNODE_SIZE];
1122:         PetscInt    ls = 0;

1124:         PrmHexGetZ(pn, k, zm, zn);
1125:         HexExtract(x, i, j, k, n);
1126:         PetscCall(PetscMemzero(Ke, sizeof(Ke)));
1127:         PetscCall(PetscMemzero(Kcpl, sizeof(Kcpl)));
1128:         if (thi->no_slip && k == 0) {
1129:           for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) n[l].u = n[l].v = 0;
1130:           ls = 4;
1131:         }
1132:         for (q = 0; q < 8; q++) {
1133:           PetscReal   dz[3], phi[8], dphi[8][3], jw, eta, deta;
1134:           PetscScalar du[3], dv[3], u, v;
1135:           HexGrad(HexQDeriv[q], zn, dz);
1136:           HexComputeGeometry(q, hx, hy, dz, phi, dphi, &jw);
1137:           PointwiseNonlinearity(thi, n, phi, dphi, &u, &v, du, dv, &eta, &deta);
1138:           jw /= thi->rhog; /* residuals are scaled by this factor */
1139:           if (q == 0) etabase = eta;
1140:           for (l = ls; l < 8; l++) { /* test functions */
1141:             const PetscReal pp = phi[l], *restrict dp = dphi[l];
1142:             for (ll = ls; ll < 8; ll++) { /* trial functions */
1143:               const PetscReal *restrict dpl = dphi[ll];
1144:               PetscScalar dgdu, dgdv;
1145:               dgdu = 2. * du[0] * dpl[0] + dv[1] * dpl[0] + 0.5 * (du[1] + dv[0]) * dpl[1] + 0.5 * du[2] * dpl[2];
1146:               dgdv = 2. * dv[1] * dpl[1] + du[0] * dpl[1] + 0.5 * (du[1] + dv[0]) * dpl[0] + 0.5 * dv[2] * dpl[2];
1147:               /* Picard part */
1148:               Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 0] += dp[0] * jw * eta * 4. * dpl[0] + dp[1] * jw * eta * dpl[1] + dp[2] * jw * eta * dpl[2];
1149:               Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 1] += dp[0] * jw * eta * 2. * dpl[1] + dp[1] * jw * eta * dpl[0];
1150:               Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 0] += dp[1] * jw * eta * 2. * dpl[0] + dp[0] * jw * eta * dpl[1];
1151:               Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 1] += dp[1] * jw * eta * 4. * dpl[1] + dp[0] * jw * eta * dpl[0] + dp[2] * jw * eta * dpl[2];
1152:               /* extra Newton terms */
1153:               Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 0] += dp[0] * jw * deta * dgdu * (4. * du[0] + 2. * dv[1]) + dp[1] * jw * deta * dgdu * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * deta * dgdu * du[2];
1154:               Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 1] += dp[0] * jw * deta * dgdv * (4. * du[0] + 2. * dv[1]) + dp[1] * jw * deta * dgdv * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * deta * dgdv * du[2];
1155:               Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 0] += dp[1] * jw * deta * dgdu * (4. * dv[1] + 2. * du[0]) + dp[0] * jw * deta * dgdu * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * deta * dgdu * dv[2];
1156:               Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 1] += dp[1] * jw * deta * dgdv * (4. * dv[1] + 2. * du[0]) + dp[0] * jw * deta * dgdv * (du[1] + dv[0]) + dp[2] * jw * deta * dgdv * dv[2];
1157:               /* inertial part */
1158:               Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 0] += pp * jw * thi->inertia * pp;
1159:               Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 1] += pp * jw * thi->inertia * pp;
1160:             }
1161:             for (ll = 0; ll < 4; ll++) {                                                              /* Trial functions for surface/bed */
1162:               const PetscReal dpl[] = {QuadQDeriv[q % 4][ll][0] / hx, QuadQDeriv[q % 4][ll][1] / hy}; /* surface = h + b */
1163:               Kcpl[FieldIndex(Node, l, u)][FieldIndex(PrmNode, ll, h)] += pp * jw * thi->rhog * dpl[0];
1164:               Kcpl[FieldIndex(Node, l, u)][FieldIndex(PrmNode, ll, b)] += pp * jw * thi->rhog * dpl[0];
1165:               Kcpl[FieldIndex(Node, l, v)][FieldIndex(PrmNode, ll, h)] += pp * jw * thi->rhog * dpl[1];
1166:               Kcpl[FieldIndex(Node, l, v)][FieldIndex(PrmNode, ll, b)] += pp * jw * thi->rhog * dpl[1];
1167:             }
1168:           }
1169:         }
1170:         if (k == 0) { /* on a bottom face */
1171:           if (thi->no_slip) {
1172:             const PetscReal   hz    = PetscRealPart(pn[0].h) / (zm - 1);
1173:             const PetscScalar diagu = 2 * etabase / thi->rhog * (hx * hy / hz + hx * hz / hy + 4 * hy * hz / hx), diagv = 2 * etabase / thi->rhog * (hx * hy / hz + 4 * hx * hz / hy + hy * hz / hx);
1174:             Ke[0][0] = thi->dirichlet_scale * diagu;
1175:             Ke[0][1] = 0;
1176:             Ke[1][0] = 0;
1177:             Ke[1][1] = thi->dirichlet_scale * diagv;
1178:           } else {
1179:             for (q = 0; q < 4; q++) { /* We remove the explicit scaling by 1/rhog because beta2 already has that scaling to be O(1) */
1180:               const PetscReal jw = 0.25 * hx * hy, *phi = QuadQInterp[q];
1181:               PetscScalar     u = 0, v = 0, rbeta2 = 0;
1182:               PetscReal       beta2, dbeta2;
1183:               for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) {
1184:                 u += phi[l] * n[l].u;
1185:                 v += phi[l] * n[l].v;
1186:                 rbeta2 += phi[l] * pn[l].beta2;
1187:               }
1188:               THIFriction(thi, PetscRealPart(rbeta2), PetscRealPart(u * u + v * v) / 2, &beta2, &dbeta2);
1189:               for (l = 0; l < 4; l++) {
1190:                 const PetscReal pp = phi[l];
1191:                 for (ll = 0; ll < 4; ll++) {
1192:                   const PetscReal ppl = phi[ll];
1193:                   Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 0] += pp * jw * beta2 * ppl + pp * jw * dbeta2 * u * u * ppl;
1194:                   Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 1] += pp * jw * dbeta2 * u * v * ppl;
1195:                   Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 0] += pp * jw * dbeta2 * v * u * ppl;
1196:                   Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 1] += pp * jw * beta2 * ppl + pp * jw * dbeta2 * v * v * ppl;
1197:                 }
1198:               }
1199:             }
1200:           }
1201:         }
1202:         {
1203:           const PetscInt rc3blocked[8]                 = {DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 0, j + 0, k + 0), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 1, j + 0, k + 0), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 1, j + 1, k + 0), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 0, j + 1, k + 0),
1204:                                                           DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 0, j + 0, k + 1), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 1, j + 0, k + 1), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 1, j + 1, k + 1), DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 0, j + 1, k + 1)},
1205:                          col2blocked[PRMNODE_SIZE * 4] = {DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i + 0, j + 0), DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i + 1, j + 0), DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i + 1, j + 1), DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i + 0, j + 1)};
1206: #if !defined(COMPUTE_LOWER_TRIANGULAR) /* fill in lower-triangular part, this is really cheap compared to computing the entries */
1207:           for (l = 0; l < 8; l++) {
1208:             for (ll = l + 1; ll < 8; ll++) {
1209:               Ke[ll * 2 + 0][l * 2 + 0] = Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 0];
1210:               Ke[ll * 2 + 1][l * 2 + 0] = Ke[l * 2 + 0][ll * 2 + 1];
1211:               Ke[ll * 2 + 0][l * 2 + 1] = Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 0];
1212:               Ke[ll * 2 + 1][l * 2 + 1] = Ke[l * 2 + 1][ll * 2 + 1];
1213:             }
1214:           }
1215: #endif
1216:           PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlockedLocal(B, 8, rc3blocked, 8, rc3blocked, &Ke[0][0], ADD_VALUES)); /* velocity-velocity coupling can use blocked insertion */
1217:           {                                                                                            /* The off-diagonal part cannot (yet) */
1218:             PetscInt row3scalar[NODE_SIZE * 8], col2scalar[PRMNODE_SIZE * 4];
1219:             for (l = 0; l < 8; l++)
1220:               for (ll = 0; ll < NODE_SIZE; ll++) row3scalar[l * NODE_SIZE + ll] = rc3blocked[l] * NODE_SIZE + ll;
1221:             for (l = 0; l < 4; l++)
1222:               for (ll = 0; ll < PRMNODE_SIZE; ll++) col2scalar[l * PRMNODE_SIZE + ll] = col2blocked[l] * PRMNODE_SIZE + ll;
1223:             PetscCall(MatSetValuesLocal(Bcpl, 8 * NODE_SIZE, row3scalar, 4 * PRMNODE_SIZE, col2scalar, &Kcpl[0][0], ADD_VALUES));
1224:           }
1225:         }
1226:       }
1227:     }
1228:   }
1229:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1230: }

1232: static PetscErrorCode THIJacobianLocal_2D(DMDALocalInfo *info, const Node ***x3, const PrmNode **x2, const PrmNode **xdot2, PetscReal a, Mat B22, Mat B21, THI thi)
1233: {
1234:   PetscInt xs, ys, xm, ym, zm, i, j, k;

1236:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1237:   xs = info->zs;
1238:   ys = info->ys;
1239:   xm = info->zm;
1240:   ym = info->ym;
1241:   zm = info->xm;

1243:   PetscCheck(zm <= 1024, ((PetscObject)info->da)->comm, PETSC_ERR_SUP, "Need to allocate more space");
1244:   for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
1245:     for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
1246:       { /* Self-coupling */
1247:         const PetscInt    row[]  = {DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i, j)};
1248:         const PetscInt    col[]  = {DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i, j)};
1249:         const PetscScalar vals[] = {a, 0, 0, 0, a, 0, 0, 0, a};
1250:         PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlockedLocal(B22, 1, row, 1, col, vals, INSERT_VALUES));
1251:       }
1252:       for (k = 0; k < zm; k++) { /* Coupling to velocity problem */
1253:         /* Use a cheaper quadrature than for residual evaluation, because it is much sparser */
1254:         const PetscInt    row[]  = {FieldIndex(PrmNode, DMDALocalIndex2D(info, i, j), h)};
1255:         const PetscInt    cols[] = {FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i - 1, j, k), u), FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i, j, k), u), FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i + 1, j, k), u),
1256:                                     FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i, j - 1, k), v), FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i, j, k), v), FieldIndex(Node, DMDALocalIndex3D(info, i, j + 1, k), v)};
1257:         const PetscScalar w = (k && k < zm - 1) ? 0.5 : 0.25, hW = w * (x2[i - 1][j].h + x2[i][j].h) / (zm - 1.), hE = w * (x2[i][j].h + x2[i + 1][j].h) / (zm - 1.), hS = w * (x2[i][j - 1].h + x2[i][j].h) / (zm - 1.),
1258:                           hN = w * (x2[i][j].h + x2[i][j + 1].h) / (zm - 1.);
1259:         PetscScalar      *vals, vals_upwind[] = {((PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].u) > 0) ? -hW : 0), (PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].u) > 0) ? +hE : -hW, (PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].u) > 0) ? 0 : +hE,
1260:                                                  (PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].v) > 0) ? -hS : 0,   (PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].v) > 0) ? +hN : -hS, ((PetscRealPart(x3[i][j][k].v) > 0) ? 0 : +hN)},
1261:                                 vals_centered[] = {-0.5 * hW, 0.5 * (-hW + hE), 0.5 * hE, -0.5 * hS, 0.5 * (-hS + hN), 0.5 * hN};
1262:         vals                                    = 1 ? vals_upwind : vals_centered;
1263:         if (k == 0) {
1264:           Node derate;
1265:           THIErosion(thi, &x3[i][j][0], NULL, &derate);
1266:           vals[1] -= derate.u;
1267:           vals[4] -= derate.v;
1268:         }
1269:         PetscCall(MatSetValuesLocal(B21, 1, row, 6, cols, vals, INSERT_VALUES));
1270:       }
1271:     }
1272:   }
1273:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1274: }

1276: static PetscErrorCode THIJacobian(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec X, Vec Xdot, PetscReal a, Mat A, Mat B, PetscCtx ctx)
1277: {
1278:   THI             thi = (THI)ctx;
1279:   DM              pack, da3, da2;
1280:   Vec             X3, X2, Xdot2;
1281:   Mat             B11, B12, B21, B22;
1282:   DMDALocalInfo   info3;
1283:   IS             *isloc;
1284:   const Node   ***x3;
1285:   const PrmNode **x2, **xdot2;

1287:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1288:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &pack));
1289:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
1290:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(da3, &info3));
1291:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetLocalVectors(pack, &X3, &X2));
1292:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetLocalVectors(pack, NULL, &Xdot2));
1293:   PetscCall(DMCompositeScatter(pack, X, X3, X2));
1294:   PetscCall(THIFixGhosts(thi, da3, da2, X3, X2));
1295:   PetscCall(DMCompositeScatter(pack, Xdot, NULL, Xdot2));

1297:   PetscCall(MatZeroEntries(B));

1299:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetLocalISs(pack, &isloc));
1300:   PetscCall(MatGetLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[0], isloc[0], &B11));
1301:   PetscCall(MatGetLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[0], isloc[1], &B12));
1302:   PetscCall(MatGetLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[1], isloc[0], &B21));
1303:   PetscCall(MatGetLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[1], isloc[1], &B22));

1305:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da3, X3, &x3));
1306:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, X2, &x2));
1307:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(da2, Xdot2, &xdot2));

1309:   PetscCall(THIJacobianLocal_Momentum(&info3, x3, x2, B11, B12, thi));

1311:   /* Need to switch from ADD_VALUES to INSERT_VALUES */
1312:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(B, MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY));
1313:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(B, MAT_FLUSH_ASSEMBLY));

1315:   PetscCall(THIJacobianLocal_2D(&info3, x3, x2, xdot2, a, B22, B21, thi));

1317:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da3, X3, &x3));
1318:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, X2, &x2));
1319:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(da2, Xdot2, &xdot2));

1321:   PetscCall(MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[0], isloc[0], &B11));
1322:   PetscCall(MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[0], isloc[1], &B12));
1323:   PetscCall(MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[1], isloc[0], &B21));
1324:   PetscCall(MatRestoreLocalSubMatrix(B, isloc[1], isloc[1], &B22));
1325:   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&isloc[0]));
1326:   PetscCall(ISDestroy(&isloc[1]));
1327:   PetscCall(PetscFree(isloc));

1329:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreLocalVectors(pack, &X3, &X2));
1330:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreLocalVectors(pack, 0, &Xdot2));

1332:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(B, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
1333:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(B, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
1334:   if (A != B) {
1335:     PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(A, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
1336:     PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(A, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
1337:   }
1338:   if (thi->verbose) PetscCall(THIMatrixStatistics(thi, B, PETSC_VIEWER_STDOUT_WORLD));
1339:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1340: }

1342: /* VTK's XML formats are so brain-dead that they can't handle multiple grids in the same file.  Since the communication
1343:  * can be shared between the two grids, we write two files at once, one for velocity (living on a 3D grid defined by
1344:  * h=thickness and b=bed) and another for all properties living on the 2D grid.
1345:  */
1346: static PetscErrorCode THIDAVecView_VTK_XML(THI thi, DM pack, Vec X, const char filename[], const char filename2[])
1347: {
1348:   const PetscInt dof = NODE_SIZE, dof2 = PRMNODE_SIZE;
1349:   Units          units = thi->units;
1350:   MPI_Comm       comm;
1351:   PetscViewer    viewer3, viewer2;
1352:   PetscMPIInt    rank, size, tag, nn, nmax, nn2, nmax2;
1353:   PetscInt       mx, my, mz, r, range[6];
1354:   PetscScalar   *x, *x2;
1355:   DM             da3, da2;
1356:   Vec            X3, X2;

1358:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1359:   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)thi, &comm));
1360:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
1361:   PetscCall(DMCompositeGetAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));
1362:   PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da3, 0, &mz, &my, &mx, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
1363:   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(comm, &size));
1364:   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(comm, &rank));
1365:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIOpen(comm, filename, &viewer3));
1366:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIOpen(comm, filename2, &viewer2));
1367:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "<VTKFile type=\"StructuredGrid\" version=\"0.1\" byte_order=\"LittleEndian\">\n"));
1368:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "<VTKFile type=\"StructuredGrid\" version=\"0.1\" byte_order=\"LittleEndian\">\n"));
1369:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "  <StructuredGrid WholeExtent=\"%d %" PetscInt_FMT " %d %" PetscInt_FMT " %d %" PetscInt_FMT "\">\n", 0, mz - 1, 0, my - 1, 0, mx - 1));
1370:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "  <StructuredGrid WholeExtent=\"%d %d %d %" PetscInt_FMT " %d %" PetscInt_FMT "\">\n", 0, 0, 0, my - 1, 0, mx - 1));

1372:   PetscCall(DMDAGetCorners(da3, range, range + 1, range + 2, range + 3, range + 4, range + 5));
1373:   PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(range[3] * range[4] * range[5] * dof, &nn));
1374:   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Reduce(&nn, &nmax, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MAX, 0, comm));
1375:   PetscCall(PetscMPIIntCast(range[4] * range[5] * dof2, &nn2));
1376:   PetscCallMPI(MPI_Reduce(&nn2, &nmax2, 1, MPI_INT, MPI_MAX, 0, comm));
1377:   tag = ((PetscObject)viewer3)->tag;
1378:   PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(X3, (const PetscScalar **)&x));
1379:   PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(X2, (const PetscScalar **)&x2));
1380:   if (rank == 0) {
1381:     PetscScalar *array, *array2;
1382:     PetscCall(PetscMalloc2(nmax, &array, nmax2, &array2));
1383:     for (r = 0; r < size; r++) {
1384:       PetscInt i, j, k, f, xs, xm, ys, ym, zs, zm;
1385:       Node    *y3;
1386:       PetscScalar (*y2)[PRMNODE_SIZE];
1387:       MPI_Status status;

1389:       if (r) PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(range, 6, MPIU_INT, r, tag, comm, MPI_STATUS_IGNORE));
1390:       zs = range[0];
1391:       ys = range[1];
1392:       xs = range[2];
1393:       zm = range[3];
1394:       ym = range[4];
1395:       xm = range[5];
1396:       PetscCheck(xm * ym * zm * dof <= nmax, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "should not happen");
1397:       if (r) {
1398:         PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(array, nmax, MPIU_SCALAR, r, tag, comm, &status));
1399:         PetscCallMPI(MPI_Get_count(&status, MPIU_SCALAR, &nn));
1400:         PetscCheck(nn == xm * ym * zm * dof, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "corrupt da3 send");
1401:         y3 = (Node *)array;
1402:         PetscCallMPI(MPI_Recv(array2, nmax2, MPIU_SCALAR, r, tag, comm, &status));
1403:         PetscCallMPI(MPI_Get_count(&status, MPIU_SCALAR, &nn2));
1404:         PetscCheck(nn2 == xm * ym * dof2, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "corrupt da2 send");
1405:         y2 = (PetscScalar (*)[PRMNODE_SIZE])array2;
1406:       } else {
1407:         y3 = (Node *)x;
1408:         y2 = (PetscScalar (*)[PRMNODE_SIZE])x2;
1409:       }
1410:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "    <Piece Extent=\"%" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT "\">\n", zs, zs + zm - 1, ys, ys + ym - 1, xs, xs + xm - 1));
1411:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "    <Piece Extent=\"%d %d %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT " %" PetscInt_FMT "\">\n", 0, 0, ys, ys + ym - 1, xs, xs + xm - 1));

1413:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "      <Points>\n"));
1414:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "      <Points>\n"));
1415:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        <DataArray type=\"Float32\" NumberOfComponents=\"3\" format=\"ascii\">\n"));
1416:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "        <DataArray type=\"Float32\" NumberOfComponents=\"3\" format=\"ascii\">\n"));
1417:       for (i = xs; i < xs + xm; i++) {
1418:         for (j = ys; j < ys + ym; j++) {
1419:           PetscReal xx = thi->Lx * i / mx, yy = thi->Ly * j / my, b = PetscRealPart(y2[i * ym + j][FieldOffset(PrmNode, b)]), h = PetscRealPart(y2[i * ym + j][FieldOffset(PrmNode, h)]);
1420:           for (k = zs; k < zs + zm; k++) {
1421:             PetscReal zz = b + h * k / (mz - 1.);
1422:             PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "%f %f %f\n", (double)xx, (double)yy, (double)zz));
1423:           }
1424:           PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "%f %f %f\n", (double)xx, (double)yy, (double)0.0));
1425:         }
1426:       }
1427:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        </DataArray>\n"));
1428:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "        </DataArray>\n"));
1429:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "      </Points>\n"));
1430:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "      </Points>\n"));

1432:       { /* Velocity and rank (3D) */
1433:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "      <PointData>\n"));
1434:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        <DataArray type=\"Float32\" Name=\"velocity\" NumberOfComponents=\"3\" format=\"ascii\">\n"));
1435:         for (i = 0; i < nn / dof; i++) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "%f %f %f\n", (double)(PetscRealPart(y3[i].u) * units->year / units->meter), (double)(PetscRealPart(y3[i].v) * units->year / units->meter), 0.0));
1436:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        </DataArray>\n"));

1438:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        <DataArray type=\"Int32\" Name=\"rank\" NumberOfComponents=\"1\" format=\"ascii\">\n"));
1439:         for (i = 0; i < nn; i += dof) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "%" PetscInt_FMT "\n", r));
1440:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "        </DataArray>\n"));
1441:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "      </PointData>\n"));
1442:       }

1444:       { /* 2D */
1445:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "      <PointData>\n"));
1446:         for (f = 0; f < PRMNODE_SIZE; f++) {
1447:           const char *fieldname;
1448:           PetscCall(DMDAGetFieldName(da2, f, &fieldname));
1449:           PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "        <DataArray type=\"Float32\" Name=\"%s\" format=\"ascii\">\n", fieldname));
1450:           for (i = 0; i < nn2 / PRMNODE_SIZE; i++) PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "%g\n", (double)y2[i][f]));
1451:           PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "        </DataArray>\n"));
1452:         }
1453:         PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "      </PointData>\n"));
1454:       }

1456:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "    </Piece>\n"));
1457:       PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "    </Piece>\n"));
1458:     }
1459:     PetscCall(PetscFree2(array, array2));
1460:   } else {
1461:     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(range, 6, MPIU_INT, 0, tag, comm));
1462:     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(x, nn, MPIU_SCALAR, 0, tag, comm));
1463:     PetscCallMPI(MPI_Send(x2, nn2, MPIU_SCALAR, 0, tag, comm));
1464:   }
1465:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(X3, (const PetscScalar **)&x));
1466:   PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(X2, (const PetscScalar **)&x2));
1467:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "  </StructuredGrid>\n"));
1468:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "  </StructuredGrid>\n"));

1470:   PetscCall(DMCompositeRestoreAccess(pack, X, &X3, &X2));
1471:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer3, "</VTKFile>\n"));
1472:   PetscCall(PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer2, "</VTKFile>\n"));
1473:   PetscCall(PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer3));
1474:   PetscCall(PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer2));
1475:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1476: }

1478: static PetscErrorCode THITSMonitor(TS ts, PetscInt step, PetscReal t, Vec X, PetscCtx ctx)
1479: {
1480:   THI  thi = (THI)ctx;
1481:   DM   pack;
1482:   char filename3[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN], filename2[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN];

1484:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1485:   if (step < 0) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS); /* negative one is used to indicate an interpolated solution */
1486:   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)ts), "%3" PetscInt_FMT ": t=%g\n", step, (double)t));
1487:   if (thi->monitor_interval && step % thi->monitor_interval) PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1488:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &pack));
1489:   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(filename3, sizeof(filename3), "%s-3d-%03" PetscInt_FMT ".vts", thi->monitor_basename, step));
1490:   PetscCall(PetscSNPrintf(filename2, sizeof(filename2), "%s-2d-%03" PetscInt_FMT ".vts", thi->monitor_basename, step));
1491:   PetscCall(THIDAVecView_VTK_XML(thi, pack, X, filename3, filename2));
1492:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1493: }

1495: static PetscErrorCode THICreateDM3d(THI thi, DM *dm3d)
1496: {
1497:   MPI_Comm comm;
1498:   PetscInt M = 3, N = 3, P = 2;
1499:   DM       da;

1501:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1502:   PetscCall(PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)thi, &comm));
1503:   PetscOptionsBegin(comm, NULL, "Grid resolution options", "");
1504:   {
1505:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-M", "Number of elements in x-direction on coarse level", "", M, &M, NULL));
1506:     N = M;
1507:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-N", "Number of elements in y-direction on coarse level (if different from M)", "", N, &N, NULL));
1508:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-P", "Number of elements in z-direction on coarse level", "", P, &P, NULL));
1509:   }
1510:   PetscOptionsEnd();
1511:   PetscCall(DMDACreate3d(comm, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC, DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC, DMDA_STENCIL_BOX, P, N, M, 1, PETSC_DETERMINE, PETSC_DETERMINE, sizeof(Node) / sizeof(PetscScalar), 1, 0, 0, 0, &da));
1512:   PetscCall(DMSetFromOptions(da));
1513:   PetscCall(DMSetUp(da));
1514:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da, 0, "x-velocity"));
1515:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da, 1, "y-velocity"));
1516:   *dm3d = da;
1517:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
1518: }

1520: int main(int argc, char *argv[])
1521: {
1522:   MPI_Comm  comm;
1523:   DM        pack, da3, da2;
1524:   TS        ts;
1525:   THI       thi;
1526:   Vec       X;
1527:   Mat       B;
1528:   PetscInt  steps;
1529:   PetscReal ftime;

1531:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
1532:   PetscCall(PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, 0, help));
1533:   comm = PETSC_COMM_WORLD;

1535:   PetscCall(THICreate(comm, &thi));
1536:   PetscCall(THICreateDM3d(thi, &da3));
1537:   {
1538:     PetscInt        Mx, My, mx, my, s;
1539:     DMDAStencilType st;
1540:     PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da3, 0, 0, &My, &Mx, 0, &my, &mx, 0, &s, 0, 0, 0, &st));
1541:     PetscCall(DMDACreate2d(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC, DM_BOUNDARY_PERIODIC, st, My, Mx, my, mx, sizeof(PrmNode) / sizeof(PetscScalar), s, 0, 0, &da2));
1542:     PetscCall(DMSetUp(da2));
1543:   }

1545:   PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)da3, "3D_Velocity"));
1546:   PetscCall(DMSetOptionsPrefix(da3, "f3d_"));
1547:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da3, 0, "u"));
1548:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da3, 1, "v"));
1549:   PetscCall(PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)da2, "2D_Fields"));
1550:   PetscCall(DMSetOptionsPrefix(da2, "f2d_"));
1551:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da2, 0, "b"));
1552:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da2, 1, "h"));
1553:   PetscCall(DMDASetFieldName(da2, 2, "beta2"));
1554:   PetscCall(DMCompositeCreate(comm, &pack));
1555:   PetscCall(DMCompositeAddDM(pack, da3));
1556:   PetscCall(DMCompositeAddDM(pack, da2));
1557:   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&da3));
1558:   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&da2));
1559:   PetscCall(DMSetUp(pack));
1560:   PetscCall(DMCreateMatrix(pack, &B));
1561:   PetscCall(MatSetOption(B, MAT_NEW_NONZERO_LOCATION_ERR, PETSC_FALSE));
1562:   PetscCall(MatSetOptionsPrefix(B, "thi_"));

1564:   for (PetscInt i = 0; i < thi->nlevels; i++) {
1565:     PetscReal Lx = thi->Lx / thi->units->meter, Ly = thi->Ly / thi->units->meter, Lz = thi->Lz / thi->units->meter;
1566:     PetscInt  Mx, My, Mz;
1567:     PetscCall(DMCompositeGetEntries(pack, &da3, &da2));
1568:     PetscCall(DMDAGetInfo(da3, 0, &Mz, &My, &Mx, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));
1569:     PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)thi), "Level %" PetscInt_FMT " domain size (m) %8.2g x %8.2g x %8.2g, num elements %3d x %3d x %3d (%8d), size (m) %g x %g x %g\n", i, Lx, Ly, Lz, Mx, My, Mz, Mx * My * Mz, Lx / Mx, Ly / My, 1000. / (Mz - 1)));
1570:   }

1572:   PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(pack, &X));
1573:   PetscCall(THIInitial(thi, pack, X));

1575:   PetscCall(TSCreate(comm, &ts));
1576:   PetscCall(TSSetDM(ts, pack));
1577:   PetscCall(TSSetProblemType(ts, TS_NONLINEAR));
1578:   PetscCall(TSMonitorSet(ts, THITSMonitor, thi, NULL));
1579:   PetscCall(TSSetType(ts, TSTHETA));
1580:   PetscCall(TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, THIFunction, thi));
1581:   PetscCall(TSSetIJacobian(ts, B, B, THIJacobian, thi));
1582:   PetscCall(TSSetMaxTime(ts, 10.0));
1583:   PetscCall(TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER));
1584:   PetscCall(TSSetSolution(ts, X));
1585:   PetscCall(TSSetTimeStep(ts, 1e-3));
1586:   PetscCall(TSSetFromOptions(ts));

1588:   PetscCall(TSSolve(ts, X));
1589:   PetscCall(TSGetSolveTime(ts, &ftime));
1590:   PetscCall(TSGetStepNumber(ts, &steps));
1591:   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "Steps %" PetscInt_FMT "  final time %g\n", steps, (double)ftime));

1593:   if (0) PetscCall(THISolveStatistics(thi, ts, 0, "Full"));

1595:   {
1596:     PetscBool flg;
1597:     char      filename[PETSC_MAX_PATH_LEN] = "";
1598:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetString(NULL, NULL, "-o", filename, sizeof(filename), &flg));
1599:     if (flg) PetscCall(THIDAVecView_VTK_XML(thi, pack, X, filename, NULL));
1600:   }

1602:   PetscCall(VecDestroy(&X));
1603:   PetscCall(MatDestroy(&B));
1604:   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&pack));
1605:   PetscCall(TSDestroy(&ts));
1606:   PetscCall(THIDestroy(&thi));
1607:   PetscCall(PetscFinalize());
1608:   return 0;
1609: }