Actual source code: ex34.c

  1: static const char help[] = "An elastic wave equation driven by Dieterich-Ruina friction\n";
  2: /*
  3: This whole derivation comes from Erickson, Birnir, and Lavallee [2010]. The model comes from the continuum limit in Carlson and Langer [1989],

  5:   u_{tt}   = c^2 u_{xx} - \tilde\gamma^2 u - (\gamma^2 / \xi) (\theta + \ln(u_t + 1))
  6:   \theta_t = -(u_t + 1) (\theta + (1 + \epsilon) \ln(u_t +1))

  8: which can be reduced to a first order system,

 10:   u_t      = v
 11:   v_t      = c^2 u_{xx} - \tilde\gamma^2 u - (\gamma^2 / \xi)(\theta + ln(v + 1)))
 12:   \theta_t = -(v + 1) (\theta + (1 + \epsilon) \ln(v+1))
 13: */

 15: #include <petscdm.h>
 16: #include <petscdmda.h>
 17: #include <petscts.h>

 19: typedef struct {
 20:   PetscScalar u, v, th;
 21: } Field;

 23: typedef struct _User *User;
 24: struct _User {
 25:   PetscReal epsilon;    /* inverse of seismic ratio, B-A / A */
 26:   PetscReal gamma;      /* wave frequency for interblock coupling */
 27:   PetscReal gammaTilde; /* wave frequency for coupling to plate */
 28:   PetscReal xi;         /* interblock spring constant */
 29:   PetscReal c;          /* wavespeed */
 30: };

 32: static PetscErrorCode FormRHSFunction(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec U, Vec F, PetscCtx ctx)
 33: {
 34:   User               user = (User)ctx;
 35:   DM                 dm, cdm;
 36:   DMDALocalInfo      info;
 37:   Vec                C;
 38:   Field             *f;
 39:   const Field       *u;
 40:   const PetscScalar *x;
 41:   PetscInt           i;

 43:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
 44:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &dm));
 45:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm));
 46:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &C));
 47:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(dm, &info));
 48:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(dm, U, (void *)&u));
 49:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(dm, F, &f));
 50:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(cdm, C, (void *)&x));
 51:   for (i = info.xs; i < info.xs + info.xm; ++i) {
 52:     const PetscScalar hx = i + 1 == info.xs + info.xm ? x[i] - x[i - 1] : x[i + 1] - x[i];

 54:     f[i].u  = hx * (u[i].v);
 55:     f[i].v  = -hx * (PetscSqr(user->gammaTilde) * u[i].u + (PetscSqr(user->gamma) / user->xi) * (u[i].th + PetscLogScalar(u[i].v + 1)));
 56:     f[i].th = -hx * (u[i].v + 1) * (u[i].th + (1 + user->epsilon) * PetscLogScalar(u[i].v + 1));
 57:   }
 58:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(dm, U, (void *)&u));
 59:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(dm, F, &f));
 60:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(cdm, C, (void *)&x));
 61:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
 62: }

 64: static PetscErrorCode FormIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec U, Vec Udot, Vec F, PetscCtx ctx)
 65: {
 66:   User          user = (User)ctx;
 67:   DM            dm, cdm;
 68:   DMDALocalInfo info;
 69:   Vec           Uloc, C;
 70:   Field        *u, *udot, *f;
 71:   PetscScalar  *x;

 73:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
 74:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &dm));
 75:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(dm, &info));
 76:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm));
 77:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &C));
 78:   PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(dm, &Uloc));
 79:   PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(dm, U, INSERT_VALUES, Uloc));
 80:   PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(dm, U, INSERT_VALUES, Uloc));
 81:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(dm, Uloc, &u));
 82:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(dm, Udot, &udot));
 83:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(dm, F, &f));
 84:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
 85:   for (PetscInt i = info.xs; i < info.xs + info.xm; ++i) {
 86:     if (i == 0) {
 87:       const PetscScalar hx = x[i + 1] - x[i];
 88:       f[i].u               = hx * udot[i].u;
 89:       f[i].v               = hx * udot[i].v - PetscSqr(user->c) * (u[i + 1].u - u[i].u) / hx;
 90:       f[i].th              = hx * udot[i].th;
 91:     } else if (i == info.mx - 1) {
 92:       const PetscScalar hx = x[i] - x[i - 1];
 93:       f[i].u               = hx * udot[i].u;
 94:       f[i].v               = hx * udot[i].v - PetscSqr(user->c) * (u[i - 1].u - u[i].u) / hx;
 95:       f[i].th              = hx * udot[i].th;
 96:     } else {
 97:       const PetscScalar hx = x[i + 1] - x[i];
 98:       f[i].u               = hx * udot[i].u;
 99:       f[i].v               = hx * udot[i].v - PetscSqr(user->c) * (u[i - 1].u - 2. * u[i].u + u[i + 1].u) / hx;
100:       f[i].th              = hx * udot[i].th;
101:     }
102:   }
103:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(dm, Uloc, &u));
104:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(dm, Udot, &udot));
105:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(dm, F, &f));
106:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
107:   PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(dm, &Uloc));
108:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
109: }

111: /* IJacobian - Compute IJacobian = dF/dU + a dF/dUdot */
112: PetscErrorCode FormIJacobian(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec U, Vec Udot, PetscReal a, Mat J, Mat Jpre, PetscCtx ctx)
113: {
114:   User          user = (User)ctx;
115:   DM            dm, cdm;
116:   DMDALocalInfo info;
117:   Vec           C;
118:   Field        *u, *udot;
119:   PetscScalar  *x;

121:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
122:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &dm));
123:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(dm, &info));
124:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm));
125:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &C));
126:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(dm, U, &u));
127:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(dm, Udot, &udot));
128:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
129:   for (PetscInt i = info.xs; i < info.xs + info.xm; ++i) {
130:     if (i == 0) {
131:       const PetscScalar hx  = x[i + 1] - x[i];
132:       const PetscInt    row = i, col[] = {i, i + 1};
133:       const PetscScalar dxx0 = PetscSqr(user->c) / hx, dxxR = -PetscSqr(user->c) / hx;
134:       const PetscScalar vals[3][2][3] = {
135:         {{a * hx, 0, 0},        {0, 0, 0}   },
136:         {{0, a * hx + dxx0, 0}, {0, dxxR, 0}},
137:         {{0, 0, a * hx},        {0, 0, 0}   }
138:       };

140:       PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlocked(Jpre, 1, &row, 2, col, &vals[0][0][0], INSERT_VALUES));
141:     } else if (i == info.mx - 1) {
142:       const PetscScalar hx  = x[i + 1] - x[i];
143:       const PetscInt    row = i, col[] = {i - 1, i};
144:       const PetscScalar dxxL = -PetscSqr(user->c) / hx, dxx0 = PetscSqr(user->c) / hx;
145:       const PetscScalar vals[3][2][3] = {
146:         {{0, 0, 0},    {a * hx, 0, 0}       },
147:         {{0, dxxL, 0}, {0, a * hx + dxx0, 0}},
148:         {{0, 0, 0},    {0, 0, a * hx}       }
149:       };

151:       PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlocked(Jpre, 1, &row, 2, col, &vals[0][0][0], INSERT_VALUES));
152:     } else {
153:       const PetscScalar hx  = x[i + 1] - x[i];
154:       const PetscInt    row = i, col[] = {i - 1, i, i + 1};
155:       const PetscScalar dxxL = -PetscSqr(user->c) / hx, dxx0 = 2. * PetscSqr(user->c) / hx, dxxR = -PetscSqr(user->c) / hx;
156:       const PetscScalar vals[3][3][3] = {
157:         {{0, 0, 0},    {a * hx, 0, 0},        {0, 0, 0}   },
158:         {{0, dxxL, 0}, {0, a * hx + dxx0, 0}, {0, dxxR, 0}},
159:         {{0, 0, 0},    {0, 0, a * hx},        {0, 0, 0}   }
160:       };

162:       PetscCall(MatSetValuesBlocked(Jpre, 1, &row, 3, col, &vals[0][0][0], INSERT_VALUES));
163:     }
164:   }
165:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(dm, U, &u));
166:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(dm, Udot, &udot));
167:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
168:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(Jpre, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
169:   PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(Jpre, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
170:   if (J != Jpre) {
171:     PetscCall(MatAssemblyBegin(J, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
172:     PetscCall(MatAssemblyEnd(J, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY));
173:   }
174:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
175: }

177: PetscErrorCode FormInitialSolution(TS ts, Vec U, PetscCtx ctx)
178: {
179:   /* User            user = (User) ctx; */
180:   DM              dm, cdm;
181:   DMDALocalInfo   info;
182:   Vec             C;
183:   Field          *u;
184:   PetscScalar    *x;
185:   const PetscReal sigma = 1.0;

187:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
188:   PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &dm));
189:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm));
190:   PetscCall(DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &C));
191:   PetscCall(DMDAGetLocalInfo(dm, &info));
192:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArray(dm, U, &u));
193:   PetscCall(DMDAVecGetArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
194:   for (PetscInt i = info.xs; i < info.xs + info.xm; ++i) {
195:     u[i].u  = 1.5 * PetscExpScalar(-PetscSqr(x[i] - 10) / PetscSqr(sigma));
196:     u[i].v  = 0.0;
197:     u[i].th = 0.0;
198:   }
199:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArray(dm, U, &u));
200:   PetscCall(DMDAVecRestoreArrayRead(cdm, C, &x));
201:   PetscFunctionReturn(PETSC_SUCCESS);
202: }

204: int main(int argc, char **argv)
205: {
206:   DM                dm;
207:   TS                ts;
208:   Vec               X;
209:   Mat               J;
210:   PetscInt          steps, mx;
211:   PetscReal         ftime, hx, dt;
212:   TSConvergedReason reason;
213:   struct _User      user;

215:   PetscFunctionBeginUser;
216:   PetscCall(PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, NULL, help));
217:   PetscCall(DMDACreate1d(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, 11, 3, 1, NULL, &dm));
218:   PetscCall(DMSetFromOptions(dm));
219:   PetscCall(DMSetUp(dm));
220:   PetscCall(DMDASetUniformCoordinates(dm, 0.0, 20.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0));
221:   PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(dm, &X));

223:   PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, NULL, "Dynamic Friction Options", "");
224:   {
225:     user.epsilon    = 0.1;
226:     user.gamma      = 0.5;
227:     user.gammaTilde = 0.5;
228:     user.xi         = 0.5;
229:     user.c          = 0.5;
230:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-epsilon", "Inverse of seismic ratio", "", user.epsilon, &user.epsilon, NULL));
231:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-gamma", "Wave frequency for interblock coupling", "", user.gamma, &user.gamma, NULL));
232:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-gamma_tilde", "Wave frequency for plate coupling", "", user.gammaTilde, &user.gammaTilde, NULL));
233:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-xi", "Interblock spring constant", "", user.xi, &user.xi, NULL));
234:     PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-c", "Wavespeed", "", user.c, &user.c, NULL));
235:   }
236:   PetscOptionsEnd();

238:   PetscCall(TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &ts));
239:   PetscCall(TSSetDM(ts, dm));
240:   PetscCall(TSSetRHSFunction(ts, NULL, FormRHSFunction, &user));
241:   PetscCall(TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, FormIFunction, &user));
242:   PetscCall(DMSetMatType(dm, MATAIJ));
243:   PetscCall(DMCreateMatrix(dm, &J));
244:   PetscCall(TSSetIJacobian(ts, J, J, FormIJacobian, &user));

246:   ftime = 800.0;
247:   PetscCall(TSSetMaxTime(ts, ftime));
248:   PetscCall(TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER));
249:   PetscCall(FormInitialSolution(ts, X, &user));
250:   PetscCall(TSSetSolution(ts, X));
251:   PetscCall(VecGetSize(X, &mx));
252:   hx = 20.0 / (PetscReal)(mx - 1);
253:   dt = 0.4 * PetscSqr(hx) / PetscSqr(user.c); /* Diffusive stability limit */
254:   PetscCall(TSSetTimeStep(ts, dt));
255:   PetscCall(TSSetFromOptions(ts));

257:   PetscCall(TSSolve(ts, X));
258:   PetscCall(TSGetSolveTime(ts, &ftime));
259:   PetscCall(TSGetStepNumber(ts, &steps));
260:   PetscCall(TSGetConvergedReason(ts, &reason));
261:   PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, "%s at time %g after %" PetscInt_FMT " steps\n", TSConvergedReasons[reason], (double)ftime, steps));

263:   PetscCall(MatDestroy(&J));
264:   PetscCall(VecDestroy(&X));
265:   PetscCall(TSDestroy(&ts));
266:   PetscCall(DMDestroy(&dm));
267:   PetscCall(PetscFinalize());
268:   return 0;
269: }

271: /*TEST

273:     build:
274:       requires: !single !complex

276:     test:
277:       TODO: broken, was not nightly tested, SNES solve eventually fails, -snes_test_jacobian indicates Jacobian is wrong, but even -snes_mf_operator fails

279: TEST*/